package Music::Gestalt; use warnings; use strict; use fields qw (automation density duration notes note_length pitch_base pitch_extent pitches pitches_count pitches_mode pitches_mapping pitches_row_pos velocity_base velocity_extent); use 5.006; use MIDI::Pitch qw(findsemitone); =head1 NAME Music::Gestalt - Compose music using gestalts. =head1 VERSION Version 0.06 =cut our $VERSION = '0.06'; =head1 SYNOPSIS use Music::Gestalt; # see below =head1 DESCRIPTION This module helps to compose music using musical gestalts (forms). A gestalt is similar to a list in L format, but so far it only supports note events, and all parameters are expressed as values between 0 and 1. This allows for more flexible transformations of the musical material. =head1 CONSTRUCTOR =head2 C my $g = Music::Gestalt->new(score => $score); Creates a new Music::Gestalt object. The optional score argument receives a score in L format. =cut sub new { my $class = shift; my %params = @_; my $self = fields::new($class); $self->{pitches_count} = 0; $self->{pitches_mode} = 'all'; $self->{density} = 1; $self->{note_length} = 1; $self->_InitializeFromScore($params{score}) if (ref $params{score} eq 'ARRAY'); $self->_PitchesUpdateMapping(); return $self; } # private methods sub _InitializeFromScore { my ($self, $score) = @_; my ($max_time, $min_pitch, $max_pitch, $min_velocity, $max_velocity); # find min/max values # #0: 'note' # #1: start time # #2: duration # #3: channel # #4: note # #5: velocity foreach (@$score) { next unless $_->[0] eq 'note'; # min_time is always 0 $max_time = $_->[1] + $_->[2] if (!defined $max_time || $_->[1] + $_->[2] > $max_time); $min_pitch = $_->[4] if (!defined $min_pitch || $_->[4] < $min_pitch); $max_pitch = $_->[4] if (!defined $max_pitch || $_->[4] > $max_pitch); $min_velocity = $_->[5] if (!defined $min_velocity || $_->[5] < $min_velocity); $max_velocity = $_->[5] if (!defined $max_velocity || $_->[5] > $max_velocity); } $self->{pitch_base} = $min_pitch; $self->{pitch_extent} = defined $min_pitch && defined $max_pitch ? $max_pitch - $min_pitch : undef; $self->{velocity_base} = $min_velocity; $self->{velocity_extent} = defined $min_velocity && defined $max_velocity ? $max_velocity - $min_velocity : undef; $self->{duration} = $max_time || 0; $self->{notes} = []; return if (!defined $max_time || $max_time == 0); my @notes = (); my $pitch_extent = ($max_pitch - $min_pitch); my $velocity_extent = ($max_velocity - $min_velocity); foreach (@$score) { next unless $_->[0] eq 'note'; push @notes, [ $_->[1] / $max_time, $_->[2] / $max_time, ($_->[3] - 1) / 15, $pitch_extent == 0 ? 0 : ($_->[4] - $min_pitch) / $pitch_extent, $velocity_extent == 0 ? 0 : ($_->[5] - $min_velocity) / $velocity_extent]; } $self->{notes} = [@notes]; } sub _min { my ($a, $b) = @_; return $a < $b ? $a : $b; } sub _max { my ($a, $b) = @_; return $a > $b ? $a : $b; } sub _CalcAutomationValue { my ($self, $param_name, $position, $value) = @_; return $value unless (ref $self->{automation}->{$param_name} eq 'HASH' && ref $self->{automation}->{$param_name}->{values} eq 'ARRAY'); my %am = %{$self->{automation}->{$param_name}}; my $count = scalar @{$am{values}}; if ($count == 1) { if ($am{mode} eq 'absolute') { return $am{values}->[0]; } else { return $value * $am{values}->[0]; } } my $time_per_value = 1 / ($count - 1); my $div = $position / $time_per_value; my $idx = int($div); my $frac = $div - $idx; my $base = $am{values}->[$idx]; my $extent = $am{values}->[$idx + 1] - $base; my $val = $base + $frac * $extent; if ($am{mode} eq 'absolute') { return $val; } else { return $value * $val; } } sub _CalcPitch { my ($self, $v, $pos) = @_; my $pb = $self->{pitch_base}; my $pe = $self->{pitch_extent}; if (ref $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}->{values} eq 'ARRAY') { my $pm = $self->PitchMiddle(); $pb += $self->_CalcAutomationValue('pitch_middle', $pos, $pm) - $pm; } my $val = $pb + $v * $pe + 0.5; $val = _max(0, _min(int($val), 127)); my $pitch = $self->{pitches_mapping}->{$val}; if ($self->{pitches_mode} eq 'row' && ref $self->{pitches} eq 'ARRAY') { $pitch = findsemitone($self->{pitches}->[$self->{pitches_row_pos}], $pitch); $self->{pitches_row_pos} = ($self->{pitches_row_pos} + 1) % scalar @{$self->{pitches}}; } return $pitch; } sub _CalcVelocity { my ($self, $v, $pos) = @_; my $val = $self->_CalcAutomationValue('velocity', $pos, $self->{velocity_base} + $v * $self->{velocity_extent} + 0.5); return _max(0, _min(int($val), 127)); } =head1 PROPERTIES =head2 C Sets (if you pass a value) and returns lowest pitch used in this gestalt. =cut sub PitchLowest { my ($self, $v) = @_; if (defined $v) { $v = _max(0, _min($self->{pitch_base} + $self->{pitch_extent}, $v)); $self->{pitch_extent} = $self->{pitch_base} + $self->{pitch_extent} - $v; $self->{pitch_base} = $v; } return $self->{pitch_base}; } =head2 C Sets (if you pass a value) and returns highest pitch used in this gestalt. =cut sub PitchHighest { my ($self, $v) = @_; return undef unless defined $self->{pitch_base} && defined $self->{pitch_extent}; if (defined $v) { $v = _min(127, _max($self->{pitch_base}, $v)); $self->{pitch_extent} = $v - $self->{pitch_base}; } return $self->{pitch_base} + $self->{pitch_extent}; } =head2 C Sets (if you pass a value) and returns middle pitch of the range used in this gestalt. =cut sub PitchMiddle { my ($self, $v) = @_; return undef unless defined $self->{pitch_base} && defined $self->{pitch_extent}; if (defined $v) { $v = _min(_max($v, 0), 127); my $pm_old = (2 * $self->{pitch_base} + $self->{pitch_extent}) / 2; $self->{pitch_base} += $v - $pm_old; } return (2 * $self->{pitch_base} + $self->{pitch_extent}) / 2; } =head2 C Returns the pitch range used in this gestalt, ie. the pitches that occur will be between pitch middle +/- pitch range. If you pass a value as parameter, the new pitch range will be calculated around the current pitch middle. =cut sub PitchRange { my ($self, $value) = @_; return undef unless defined $self->{pitch_base}; if (defined $value) { my $old_range = $self->{pitch_extent} / 2; $self->{pitch_extent} = 2 * $value; $self->{pitch_base} += $old_range - $value; } return undef unless defined $self->{pitch_extent}; return $self->{pitch_extent} / 2; } =head2 C Sets (if you pass a value) and returns lowest velocity used in this gestalt. =cut sub VelocityLowest { my ($self, $v) = @_; if (defined $v) { $v = _max(0, _min($self->{velocity_base} + $self->{velocity_extent}, $v)); $self->{velocity_extent} = $self->{velocity_base} + $self->{velocity_extent} - $v; $self->{velocity_base} = $v; } return $self->{velocity_base}; } =head2 C Sets (if you pass a value) and returns highest velocity used in this gestalt. =cut sub VelocityHighest { my ($self, $v) = @_; return undef unless defined $self->{velocity_base} && defined $self->{velocity_extent}; if (defined $v) { $v = _min(127, _max($self->{velocity_base}, $v)); $self->{velocity_extent} = $v - $self->{velocity_base}; } return $self->{velocity_base} + $self->{velocity_extent}; } =head2 C Sets (if you pass a value) and returns middle velocity of the range used in this gestalt. =cut sub VelocityMiddle { my ($self, $v) = @_; return undef unless defined $self->{velocity_base} && defined $self->{velocity_extent}; if (defined $v) { $v = _min(_max($v, 0), 127); my $vm_old = (2 * $self->{velocity_base} + $self->{velocity_extent}) / 2; $self->{velocity_base} += $v - $vm_old; } return (2 * $self->{velocity_base} + $self->{velocity_extent}) / 2; } =head2 C Returns the velocity range used in this gestalt, ie. the velocities that occur will be between velocity middle +/- velocity range. If you pass a value as parameter, the new velocity range will be calculated around the current velocity middle. =cut sub VelocityRange { my ($self, $value) = @_; return undef unless defined $self->{velocity_base}; if (defined $value) { my $old_range = $self->{velocity_extent} / 2; $self->{velocity_extent} = 2 * $value; $self->{velocity_base} += $old_range - $value; } return undef unless defined $self->{velocity_extent}; return $self->{velocity_extent} / 2; } =head2 C Returns the duration of this gestalt. If you pass a value as a parameter, it will be used as new duration. =cut sub Duration { my ($self, $v) = @_; $self->{duration} = _max(0, $v) if defined $v; return $self->{duration} || 0; } =head2 C Returns the note length property of this gestalt. "1" means that the original note lengths are retained, ".5" means that each note is half as long as it originally was. If you pass a value as a parameter, it will be used as new note length. =cut sub NoteLength { my ($self, $v) = @_; $self->{note_length} = _max(0, $v) if defined $v; return $self->{note_length} || 0; } =head2 C Returns the note list of this gestalt. =cut sub Notes { my $self = shift; return @{[]} unless ref $self->{notes} eq 'ARRAY'; return @{$self->{notes}}; } =head2 C Sets and returns the density of this gestalt. The initial density is 1, meaning that all notes will be used. At density 0, a score created from this gestalt will have no events. At density 0.5, a score created from this gestalt will have half the original events, selected at random. It is intentional that the density may not be greater than 1; there are too many possible ways to generate additional events. =cut sub Density { my ($self, $v) = @_; $self->{density} = _min(1, _max(0, $v)) if defined $v; return $self->{density}; } =head2 C Returns or sets the pitches used in this gestalt. You should pass a reference to a list that contains the pitch numbers used. Returns a reference to a list of pitches that will be used. An empty list signifies that all pitches are used. Note that the set of pitches used is also influenced by the L parameter. =cut sub Pitches { my ($self, $pitches) = @_; if (defined $pitches && ref $pitches eq 'ARRAY') { $self->{pitches} = [map { _max(0, _min($_, 127)) } @$pitches]; $self->{pitches_count} = scalar @$pitches; $self->_PitchesUpdateMapping(); } if (defined $self->{pitches}) { return $pitches; } else { return []; } } =head2 C Returns or sets the pitch mode used in this gestalt. =cut sub _PitchesUpdateMapping { my ($self) = @_; if (ref $self->{pitches} eq 'ARRAY' && scalar @{$self->{pitches}} > 0) { my %map; if ($self->{pitches_mode} eq 'nearest') { if (scalar @{$self->{pitches}} == 1) { %map = map { $_ => $self->{pitches}->[0] } 0 .. 127; return $self->{pitches_mapping} = {%map}; } my @list = sort { $a <=> $b } @{$self->{pitches}}; my $idx = 0; for (0 .. 127) { my $diffA = abs($list[$idx] - $_); my $diffB = abs($list[$idx + 1] - $_); if ($diffA < $diffB) { $map{$_} = $list[$idx]; } else { $map{$_} = $list[$idx + 1]; $idx++ if ($idx < $#list); } } return $self->{pitches_mapping} = {%map}; } } $self->{pitches_mapping} = {map { $_ => $_ } 0 .. 127}; } sub PitchesMode { my ($self, $mode) = @_; if (defined $mode) { $self->{pitches_mode} = $mode; $self->_PitchesUpdateMapping(); } return $self->{pitches_mode}; } =head1 METHODS =head2 C Returns a structure representing the gestalt in L format. =cut sub AsScore { my $self = shift; return [] if $self->{density} == 0; my @score = (); $self->{pitches_row_pos} = 0; foreach (@{$self->{notes}}) { push @score, [ 'note', $_->[0] * $self->{duration}, $_->[1] * $self->{duration} * $self->{note_length}, int(($_->[2] * 15 + 0.5) + 1), $self->_CalcPitch($_->[3], $_->[0]), $self->_CalcVelocity($_->[4], $_->[0])]; } # remove events if density < 1 if ($self->{density} < 1) { for (1 .. int((1 - $self->{density}) * scalar @score)) { splice @score, int(rand(scalar @score)), 1; } } return [@score]; } =head2 C Appends other Music::Gestalt objects to this object. =cut sub Append { my $self = shift; # 1. Find out lowest/highest pitch and velocity overall my $pitch_lowest = $self->PitchLowest(); my $pitch_highest = $self->PitchHighest(); my $velocity_lowest = $self->VelocityLowest(); my $velocity_highest = $self->VelocityHighest(); my $duration = $self->Duration() || 0; @_ = grep { UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Music::Gestalt') } @_; foreach (@_) { $pitch_lowest = $_->PitchLowest() if (!defined $pitch_lowest || $_->PitchLowest() < $pitch_lowest); $pitch_highest = $_->PitchHighest() if (!defined $pitch_highest || $_->PitchHighest() > $pitch_highest); $velocity_lowest = $_->VelocityLowest() if (!defined $velocity_lowest || $_->VelocityLowest() < $velocity_lowest); $velocity_highest = $_->VelocityHighest() if (!defined $velocity_highest || $_->VelocityHighest() > $velocity_highest); $duration += $_->Duration; } return if ( !defined $pitch_lowest || !defined $pitch_highest || !defined $velocity_lowest || !defined $velocity_highest); my $pitch_extent = $pitch_highest - $pitch_lowest; my $velocity_extent = $velocity_highest - $velocity_lowest; # 2. Transform notes in this gestalt to new pitch foreach (@{$self->{notes}}) { # start time, duration, pitch, velocity $_->[0] = $_->[0] * $self->{duration} / $duration; $_->[1] = $_->[1] * $self->{duration} / $duration; # channel stays as it is $_->[3] = $pitch_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $self->{pitch_base} - $pitch_lowest + $self->{pitch_extent} * $_->[3]) / $pitch_extent); $_->[4] = $velocity_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $self->{velocity_base} - $velocity_lowest + $self->{velocity_extent} * $_->[4]) / $velocity_extent); } # 3. Transform and append notes in the gestalts to be appended my $time_pos = $self->{duration} || 0; foreach my $g (@_) { my $time_delta = $time_pos / $duration; my $gpitchextent = $g->PitchHighest() - $g->PitchLowest(); my $gvelocityextent = $g->VelocityHighest() - $g->VelocityLowest(); my $dur = $g->Duration() / $duration; foreach ($g->Notes()) { push @{$self->{notes}}, [ $time_delta + ($_->[0] * $dur), $_->[1] * $dur, $_->[2], $pitch_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $g->PitchLowest() - $pitch_lowest + $gpitchextent * $_->[3]) / $pitch_extent), $velocity_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $g->VelocityLowest() - $velocity_lowest + $gvelocityextent * $_->[4]) / $velocity_extent)]; } $time_pos += $g->Duration(); } # 4. Save new attributes in this gestalt $self->{pitch_base} = $pitch_lowest; $self->{pitch_extent} = $pitch_extent; $self->{velocity_base} = $velocity_lowest; $self->{velocity_extent} = $velocity_extent; $self->{duration} = $duration; } =head2 C Inserts other Music::Gestalt objects into this object. =cut sub Insert { my $self = shift; # 1. Find out lowest/highest pitch and velocity overall my $pitch_lowest = $self->PitchLowest(); my $pitch_highest = $self->PitchHighest(); my $velocity_lowest = $self->VelocityLowest(); my $velocity_highest = $self->VelocityHighest(); my $duration = $self->Duration() || 0; @_ = grep { UNIVERSAL::isa($_, 'Music::Gestalt') } @_; foreach (@_) { $pitch_lowest = $_->PitchLowest() if (!defined $pitch_lowest || $_->PitchLowest() < $pitch_lowest); $pitch_highest = $_->PitchHighest() if (!defined $pitch_highest || $_->PitchHighest() > $pitch_highest); $velocity_lowest = $_->VelocityLowest() if (!defined $velocity_lowest || $_->VelocityLowest() < $velocity_lowest); $velocity_highest = $_->VelocityHighest() if (!defined $velocity_highest || $_->VelocityHighest() > $velocity_highest); $duration = $_->Duration() if $_->Duration() > $duration; } return if ( !defined $pitch_lowest || !defined $pitch_highest || !defined $velocity_lowest || !defined $velocity_highest); my $pitch_extent = $pitch_highest - $pitch_lowest; my $velocity_extent = $velocity_highest - $velocity_lowest; # 2. Transform notes in this gestalt to new pitch foreach (@{$self->{notes}}) { # start time, duration, pitch, velocity $_->[0] = $_->[0] * $self->{duration} / $duration; $_->[1] = $_->[1] * $self->{duration} / $duration; # channel stays as it is $_->[3] = $pitch_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $self->{pitch_base} - $pitch_lowest + $self->{pitch_extent} * $_->[3]) / $pitch_extent); $_->[4] = $velocity_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $self->{velocity_base} - $velocity_lowest + $self->{velocity_extent} * $_->[4]) / $velocity_extent); } # 3. Transform and insert notes in the gestalts to be inserted foreach my $g (@_) { my $gpitchextent = $g->PitchHighest() - $g->PitchLowest(); my $gvelocityextent = $g->VelocityHighest() - $g->VelocityLowest(); my $notes_pos = 0; my $dur = $g->Duration() / $duration; foreach ($g->Notes()) { my $start = $_->[0] * $dur; $notes_pos++ while ($notes_pos <= $#{$self->{notes}} && $self->{notes}->[$notes_pos]->[0] <= $start); splice @{$self->{notes}}, $notes_pos, 0, [ $_->[0] * $dur, $_->[1] * $dur, $_->[2], $pitch_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $g->PitchLowest() - $pitch_lowest + $gpitchextent * $_->[3]) / $pitch_extent), $velocity_extent == 0 ? 0 : ( ( $g->VelocityLowest() - $velocity_lowest + $gvelocityextent * $_->[4]) / $velocity_extent)]; } } # 4. Save new attributes in this gestalt $self->{pitch_base} = $pitch_lowest; $self->{pitch_extent} = $pitch_extent; $self->{velocity_base} = $velocity_lowest; $self->{velocity_extent} = $velocity_extent; $self->{duration} = $duration; } =head2 C, C, C Mirrors the start times, pitches and velocites found in the gestalt. =cut sub _mirror { my ($self, $param) = @_; return unless ref $self->{notes} eq 'ARRAY'; foreach (@{$self->{notes}}) { # die "\n\n\nparam = $param\n\n\n"; # start time, duration, pitch, velocity $_->[$param] = 1 - $_->[$param]; } } sub MirrorTime { my ($self) = @_; $self->_mirror(0); } sub MirrorPitch { my ($self) = @_; $self->_mirror(3); } sub MirrorVelocity { my ($self) = @_; $self->_mirror(4); } =head1 AUTOMATION METHODS Using automation, you can vary a parameter over time (comparable to parameter automation in sequencers like Logic or Cubase). For each parameter that can be automated, there are three modes available: =over 4 =item Absolute mode In this mode, the currently set parameter values will be I with the values that you pass to the function. If you pass (0, 100), the parameter will range from 0 to 100 over the whole gestalt. If you pass (20, 50 20), the parameter will first rise from 20 to 50, then in the second half of the gestalt fall from 50 to 20. The parameter value is interpolated at the event's position. =item Relative mode In this mode, the currently set parameter values will be I with the values that you pass to the function. If you pass (0, 1), the parameter will fade in over the whole gestalt. If you pass (.2, .5 .2), the parameter will first fade in from 20% to 50%, then in the second half of the gestalt fade out from 50% to 20%. The parameter value is interpolated at the event's position. =item Off Automation will not be applied. =back Here are some examples how to call the automation functions: $g->AutomateVelocityOff(); # default $g->AutomateVelocityAbs(20, 50, 20); $g->AutomateVelocityRel(0, 1); The values passed to the automation methods will be applied evenly-spaced. The following automation methods are available: =over 4 =item C, C, C =cut sub AutomateVelocityOff { my $self = shift; delete $self->{automation}->{velocity}; } sub AutomateVelocityAbs { my $self = shift; if (scalar @_) { $self->{automation}->{velocity}->{mode} = 'absolute'; $self->{automation}->{velocity}->{values} = [map { _min(127, _max(0, $_)) } @_]; } return $self->{automation}->{velocity}; } sub AutomateVelocityRel { my $self = shift; if (scalar @_) { $self->{automation}->{velocity}->{mode} = 'relative'; $self->{automation}->{velocity}->{values} = [@_]; } return $self->{automation}->{velocity}; } =item C, C, C =cut sub AutomatePitchMiddleOff { my $self = shift; delete $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}; } sub AutomatePitchMiddleAbs { my $self = shift; if (scalar @_) { $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}->{mode} = 'absolute'; $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}->{values} = [map { _min(127, _max(0, $_)) } @_]; } return $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}; } sub AutomatePitchMiddleRel { my $self = shift; if (scalar @_) { $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}->{mode} = 'relative'; $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}->{values} = [@_]; } return $self->{automation}->{pitch_middle}; } =back =head1 AUTHOR Christian Renz, Ecrenz @ web42.comE =head1 BUGS Please report any bugs or feature requests to C, or through the web interface at L. I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on your bug as I make changes. Please also consider adding a test case to your bug report (.t script). =head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE Copyright 2005 Christian Renz, Ecrenz @ web42.comE, All Rights Reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut 42;