{ package Catalyst::Engine::XMPP2; use strict; use warnings; our $VERSION = '0.3'; use base qw(Catalyst::Engine::Embeddable); use Event qw(loop); use Encode; use HTTP::Request; use Net::XMPP2::Connection; use UNIVERSAL qw(isa); __PACKAGE__->mk_accessors(qw( connections )); my %http_xmpp_error_map = ( 400 => { cond => 'bad-request', type => 'modify' }, 409 => { cond => 'conflict', type => 'cancel' }, 501 => { cond => 'feature-not-implemented', type => 'cancel' }, 403 => { cond => 'forbidden', type => 'auth' }, 410 => { cond => 'gone', type => 'modify' }, 500 => { cond => 'internal-server-error', type => 'wait' }, 404 => { cond => 'item-not-found', type => 'cancel' }, 520 => { cond => 'jid-malformed', type => 'modify' }, 406 => { cond => 'not-acceptable', type => 'modify' }, 420 => { cond => 'not-allowed', type => 'cancel' }, 401 => { cond => 'not-authorized', type => 'auth' }, 402 => { cond => 'payment-required', type => 'auth' }, 521 => { cond => 'recipient-unavailable', type => 'wait' }, 302 => { cond => 'redirect', type => 'modify' }, 421 => { cond => 'registration-required', type => 'auth' }, 502 => { cond => 'remote-server-not-found', type => 'cancel' }, 504 => { cond => 'remote-server-timeout', type => 'wait' }, 412 => { cond => 'resource-constraint', type => 'wait' }, 503 => { cond => 'service-unavailable', type => 'cancel' }, 422 => { cond => 'subscription-required', type => 'auth' }, 423 => { cond => 'undefined-condition', type => 'cancel' }, 424 => { cond => 'unexpected-request', type => 'wait' }, ); sub run { my ($self, $app) = @_; die 'No Engine::XMPP2 configuration found' unless ref $app->config->{'Engine::XMPP2'} eq 'HASH'; # list the path actions that will be mapped as resources. my %uniq_ns; my @resources = map { s#^/?## ; $_ } map { @{$_->attributes->{Path} || []} } values %{$app->dispatcher->action_hash}; $self->connections({}) unless $self->connections(); my %template = %{$app->config->{'Engine::XMPP2'}}; delete $template{jid}; delete $template{resource}; #$app->log->debug('Initializing Net::XMPP2::Connection objects'); foreach my $resource (@resources) { $self->connections->{$resource} = Net::XMPP2::Connection->new(resource => $resource, %template); } #$app->log->debug('Connecting XMPP resources.'); foreach my $resource (@resources) { $self->connections->{$resource}->connect or die 'Could not connect resource: '.$resource.', '.$!; $self->connections->{$resource}->reg_cb (stream_ready => sub { $self->connections->{$resource}->send_presence('available', sub{}); }, bind_error => sub { die 'Error binding resource '.$resource.': '.shift; }, # the four events are registered as separate to let Net::XMPP2 # handle all other types of events, but we can actually process # them the same way. iq_get_request_xml => sub { my ($conn, $node) = @_; #$app->log->debug('Received an iq get stanza at '.$resource); $self->handle_xmpp_node($app, $resource, $node, 'iq'); }, iq_set_request_xml => sub { my ($conn, $node) = @_; #$app->log->debug('Received an iq set stanza at '.$resource); $self->handle_xmpp_node($app, $resource, $node, 'iq'); }, message_xml => sub { my ($conn, $node) = @_; #$app->log->debug('Received a message stanza at '.$resource); $self->handle_xmpp_node($app, $resource, $node, 'message'); }, presence_xml => sub { my ($conn, $node) = @_; #$app->log->debug('Received a presence stanza at '.$resource); $self->handle_xmpp_node($app, $resource, $node, 'presence'); }); } loop(); } sub handle_xmpp_node { my ($self, $app, $resource, $node, $type) = @_; my $config = $app->config->{'Engine::XMPP2'}; my $url = 'xmpp://'.$config->{username}.'@'.$config->{domain}.'/'.$resource; my $request = HTTP::Request->new(POST => $url); $request->header('Content-type' => 'application/xml; charset=utf-8'); $request->header('XMPP_Stanza' => $type); $request->header('XMPP_Resource' => $resource); $request->header('XMPP_Stanza_'.$_ => $node->attr($_)) for grep { $node->attr($_) } qw(to from id type xml:lang); my $content = join '', $node->text, map { $_->as_string } $node->nodes; $request->content_length( length($content) ); $request->content( $content); #$app->log->debug('[Request Content] '.$request->content); my $response; $app->handle_request($request, \$response); my %response_attrs = map { $_ => $response->header('XMPP_Stanza_'.$_) } grep { $response->header($_) } qw(to from id type xml:lang); if ($response->is_success && $type ne 'iq') { #$app->log->debug('Request ended successfully, no response needed.'); } elsif ($response->is_success) { my $content_type = $response->header('Content-type'); my $content_raw = $response->content(); $self->connections->{$resource}->reply_iq_result ($node, sub { my $xml_writer = shift; my $ctype = $content_type; my $craw = $content_raw; if ($ctype && $ctype =~ /xml/) { $xml_writer->raw($craw); } else { $xml_writer->raw(''.$craw.''); } }, %response_attrs); } else { my $cond = $http_xmpp_error_map{$response->code}{cond} || 'internal-server-error'; my $type = $http_xmpp_error_map{$response->code}{type} || 'wait'; if (my $over = $response->header('XMPP_error-type')) { $type = $over; } if ($node->name eq 'iq') { $self->connections->{$resource}->reply_iq_error ($node, $type, $cond, %response_attrs); } else { my $content_raw = $response->content(); $self->connections->{$resource}->send_message ($node->attr('from'), 'error', sub { my $xml_writer = shift; $xml_writer->raw($content.''. '<'.$cond.' xmlns=\'urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:xmpp-stanzas\'/>'. ''.$content_raw.''); } , %response_attrs); } } } sub connection { my ($self, $c) = @_; my $resource = $c->req->header('XMPP_Resource'); return $self->connections->{$resource}; } sub send_message { my $self = shift; my $c = shift; $self->connection($c)->send_message(@_); } sub send_presence { my $self = shift; my $c = shift; $self->connection($c)->send_presence(@_); } sub send_iq { my $self = shift; my $c = shift; $self->connection($c)->send_iq(@_); } }; __PACKAGE__ __END__ =head1 NAME Catalyst::Engine::XMPP2 - Net::XMPP2::Connection Catalyst Engine =head1 SYNOPSIS MyApp->config->{Engine::XMPP2} = { username => "abc", domain => "jabber.org", password => "foo", override_host => "myserver", override_port => 5722 }; MyApp->run(); =head1 DESCRIPTION This engine enables you to deploy a Catalyst application that can be accessed using the XMPP protocol. This is done by a mapping of each XMPP stanza to a HTTP Request, using the Catalyst::Engine::Embeddable as a base. =head1 Semantics mapping One important thing to realise is that the XMPP semantics are considerably different than the HTTP semantics, that way, a set of mappings must be done. =over =item Request-Response Usually, an HTTP application implements only Request-Response semantics for every action. That is not always true for the XMPP protocol. In fact, the only stanza that implements this semantics is the stanza. That way, when receiving or stanzas, the response will be ignored on success. If the response is a failure (400 or 500), an error response will be sent. If wanting to send an explicit message, that should be done explicitly. When receiving stanzas, the response will be sent back as the action processing returns, independent of the response status. In any way, the attributes of the stanza root element will be translated as HTTP Headers with the "XMPP_Stanza_" prefix. =item SCRIPT_NAME This is the most relevant aspect of this mapping. As XMPP doesn't have a URI definition for each stanza, that means that there's no proper way of dispatching a message to a given controller action in Catalyst. What this mapping does is, at the beggining, creating several connections to the server, providing different resource identifiers based on the Path actions registered in the application. This have two important side-effects to realize: A Catalyst XMPP application can only use 'Path' actions, because that is the only DispatchType that have a static mapping of the available actions. Other DispatchTypes, like Chained or Index, depends on the current request to find out which action to dispatch. This doesn't forbid the use of the other DispatchTypes for internal forward and dispatch, but the only really public actions will be the ones seen by the 'Path' DispatchType. You have to keep in mind that the resources will be pre-advertised, and that for each public path action, you will have a public jabber id, and, at least by now, a separated connection to the server, so it's probably a good idea to do a carefull planning of which actions to make public. =item Content-Type XMPP has no support for MIME types. Every message is, by definition, a XML document. So every request will have the "application/xml" MIME type. If the response content-type is also "application/xml", it will be written as raw into the XMPP stream. This will allow SOAP responses, for instance, to be sent as in XEP-0072. On the other hand, if the content type is of some other type, it will be sent as literal string inside a tag, as described by XMPP RFC3921, this way, interaction with regular IM clients should be natural. =item Scalability At this point, this engine is single-threaded, which means that it will block in each operation, and, therefore it cannot handle more than one request at a time. At the time of this writing, two options are available to solve this problem: The first would be to turn this engine into a pre-fork server that would keep pipes to every child and dispatch the requests to them, while keeping a single control thread for the XMPP connections. The other option would be to implement a balancer server that would accept several connections for the same JID and connect only once for each JID, dispatching a message sent to some JID among each of the candidate connections. The second option is probably a better idea, as the handling of that number of connections could be implemented in C, for instance, and using low-level OS operations, like libevent for linux, making it easier to scale in several machines. =item Error handling Error handling in XMPP is also different than from HTTP. While HTTP defines numeric error codes, XMPP defines a set of named conditions. But both provide a way to return a custom text to the requestor. This way, the HTTP error codes will be mapped to the XMPP error conditions, and the content of the response will be set as the error text. The XMPP spec also define the "error-type" concept which indicates what the requestor can do about, and the recommended error-type for each of the known conditions. The user can override this default by sending the XMPP_error-type header in the failure case. The HTTP-XMPP error code mapping will happen as described in the following table. bad-request 400 conflict 409 feature-not-implemented 501 forbidden 403 gone 410 internal-server-error 500 item-not-found 404 jid-malformed 520* not-acceptable 406 not-allowed 420* not-authorized 401 payment-required 402 recipient-unavailable 521* redirect 302 registration-required 421* remote-server-not-found 502 remote-server-timeout 504 resource-constraint 412 service-unavailable 503 subscription-required 422* undefined-condition 423* unexpected-request 424* The items marked with an * are of codes that are not standard HTTP error codes. Most error codes in this list could be mapped literally. =back =head1 USAGE The 'Engine::XMPP2' configuration key expects a hashref that will be sent to Net::XMPP2::Connection->new dereferenced. It's important to notice, however, that setting "jid" or "resource" in this hash has no effect as this values will be set according to the Action-Resource mapping. =head1 SENDING MESSAGES One of the greater benefits of the XMPP protocol is the hability to chain operations in a more complex choreography. In order to do that, you just need to send new messages while processing other messages, in order to do that, you can access the engine object by using $c->engine and use one of the following methods =over =item $c->engine->send_message($c, $to, $type, $create_cb, %attrs) This will call send_message on the connection that generated the current request with the parameters as described in Net::XMPP2::Connection. One important hint: if $create_db is a CODE ref, it will be executed with a XML::Writer object in UNSAFE mode as its first argument, which means you can call "raw" on it to send unencoded data. As you'll be sending the message with the connection that generated this request, it will have the complete JID, with the resource, as the "from". =item $c->engine->send_presence($c, $type, $create_cb, %attrs) Same as above. =item $c->engine->send_iq($c, $type, $create_cb, $result_cb, %attrs) Same as above. Hint: $result_cb is a coderef that will be executed once the response for this iq arrives. This method won't block, so you might have to implement a semaphore if the reply for this iq is relevant to the rest of this request. =back =head1 DIRECT CONNECTION MANIPULATION This is strongly discouraged, but it might be life-saving for some corner cases. =over =item $c->engine->connection($c) Access the connection object that generated the current request. =item $c->engine->connections() This returns a hashref identifying all the connections by the resource name. =back =head1 INTERNAL METHODS =over =item $engine->handle_xmpp_node($app, $resource, $node) This method is called by the stanza callbacks in the connections. =back =head1 SEE ALSO L, L, L, L, L, L, L =head1 AUTHORS Daniel Ruoso C =head1 BUG REPORTS Please submit all bugs regarding C to C =head1 LICENSE This library is free software, you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =cut