package IO::Pager;
our $VERSION = 0.30;

use 5.008; #At least, for decent perlio, and other modernisms
use strict;
use base qw( Tie::Handle );
use Env qw( PAGER );
use File::Spec;
use PerlIO;
use Symbol;

use overload '+' => "PID", bool=> "PID";


sub find_pager {
  # Return the name (or path) of a pager that IO::Pager can use
  my $io_pager;

  # Use File::Which if available (strongly recommended)
  my $which = eval { require File::Which };

  # Look for pager in PAGER first
  if ($PAGER) {
    # Strip arguments e.g. 'less --quiet'
    my ($pager, @options) = (split ' ', $PAGER);
    $pager = _check_pagers([$pager], $which);
    $io_pager = join ' ', ($pager, @options) if defined $pager;
  }

  # Then search pager amongst usual suspects
  if (not defined $io_pager) {
    my @pagers = ('/etc/alternatives/pager',
		  '/usr/local/bin/less', '/usr/bin/less', '/usr/bin/more');
    $io_pager = _check_pagers(\@pagers, $which) 
  }

  # Then check PATH for other pagers
  if ( (not defined $io_pager) && $which ) {
    my @pagers = ('less', 'most', 'w3m', 'lv', 'pg', 'more');
    $io_pager = _check_pagers(\@pagers, $which );
  }

  # If all else fails, default to more
  $io_pager ||= 'more';

  return $io_pager;
}

sub _check_pagers {
  my ($pagers, $which) = @_;
  # Return the first pager in the list that is usable. For each given pager, 
  # given a pager name, try to finds its full path with File::Which if possible.
  # Given a pager path, verify that it exists.
  my $io_pager = undef;
  for my $pager (@$pagers) {
    # Get full path
    my $loc;
    if ( $which && (not File::Spec->file_name_is_absolute($pager)) ) {
      $loc = File::Which::which($pager);
    } else {
      $loc = $pager;
    }
    # Test that full path is valid (some platforms don't do -x so we use -e)
    if ( defined($loc) && (-e $loc) ) {
      $io_pager = $loc;
      last;
    }
  }
  return $io_pager;
}

#Should have this as first block for clarity, but not with its use of a sub :-/
BEGIN { # Set the $ENV{PAGER} to something reasonable
  $PAGER = find_pager();
}


#Factory
sub open(;$$) { # [FH], [CLASS]
    &new(undef, @_, 'procedural');
}

#Alternate entrance: drop class but leave FH, subclass
sub new(;$$) { # [FH], [CLASS]
  shift;

  #Leave filehandle in @_ for pass by reference to allow gensym
  my $subclass = $_[1] if exists($_[1]);
  $subclass ||= 'IO::Pager::Unbuffered';
  $subclass =~ s/^(?!IO::Pager::)/IO::Pager::/;
  eval "require $subclass" or die "Could not load $subclass: $@\n";
  $subclass->new($_[0]);
}


sub _init{ # CLASS, [FH] ## Note reversal of order due to CLASS from new()
  #Assign by reference if empty scalar given as filehandle
  $_[1] = gensym() if !defined($_[1]);

  no strict 'refs';
  $_[1] ||= *{select()};

  # Are we on a TTY? STDOUT & STDERR are separately bound
  if ( defined( my $FHn = fileno($_[1]) ) ) {
    if ( $FHn == fileno(STDOUT) ) {
      die '!TTY' unless -t $_[1];
    }
    if ( $FHn == fileno(STDERR) ) {
      die '!TTY' unless -t $_[1];
    }
  }

  # XXX This allows us to have multiple pseudo-STDOUT
#  return 0 unless -t STDOUT;

  return ($_[0], $_[1]);
}


# Methods required for implementing a tied filehandle class

sub TIEHANDLE {
  my ($class, $tied_fh) = @_;
  unless ( $PAGER ){
    die "The PAGER environment variable is not defined, you may need to set it manually.";
  }
  my($real_fh, $child);
  if ( $child = CORE::open($real_fh, "| $PAGER") ){
    my @oLayers = PerlIO::get_layers($tied_fh, details=>1, output=>1);
    my $layers = '';
    for(my $i=0;$i<$#oLayers;$i+=3){
      #An extra base layer requires more keystrokes to exit
      next if $oLayers[$i] =~ /unix|stdio/ && !defined($oLayers[+1]);

      $layers .= ":$oLayers[$i]";
      $layers .=  '(' . ($oLayers[$i+1]) . ')' if defined($oLayers[$i+1]);
    }
    CORE::binmode($real_fh, $layers);
  }
  else{
    die "Could not pipe to PAGER ('$PAGER'): $!\n";
  }
  return bless {
                'real_fh' => $real_fh,
                'child'   => $child,
		'pager'   => $PAGER,
               }, $class;
}


sub BINMODE {
  my ($self, $layer) = @_;
  CORE::binmode($self->{real_fh}, $layer||':raw');
}


sub PRINT {
  my ($self, @args) = @_;
  CORE::print {$self->{real_fh}} @args or die "Could not print to PAGER: $!\n";
}

sub PRINTF {
  my ($self, $format, @args) = @_;
  $self->PRINT(sprintf($format, @args));
}

sub say {
  my ($self, @args) = @_;
  $args[-1] .= "\n";
  $self->PRINT(@args);
}

sub WRITE {
  my ($self, $scalar, $length, $offset) = @_;
  $self->PRINT(substr($scalar, $offset||0, $length));
}


sub TELL {
  #Buffered classes provide their own, and others may use this in another way
  return undef;
}


sub CLOSE {
  my ($self) = @_;
  CORE::close($self->{real_fh});
}

*DESTROY = \&CLOSE;


#Non-IO methods
sub PID{
  my ($self) = @_;
  return $self->{child};
}


#Provide lowercase aliases for accessors
foreach my $method ( qw(BINMODE CLOSE PRINT PRINTF TELL WRITE PID) ){
  no strict 'refs';
  *{lc($method)} = \&{$method};
}


1;

__END__

=head1 NAME

IO::Pager - Select a pager and pipe text to it if destination is a TTY

=head1 SYNOPSIS

  # Select an appropriate pager and set the PAGER environment variable
  use IO::Pager;

  # Optionally, pipe output to it
  {
    # TIMTOWTDI, not an exhaustive list but you can infer the others
    my $token =     IO::Pager::open *STDOUT; # Unbuffered is  default subclass
    my $token = new IO::Pager       *STDOUT,  'Unbuffered'; # Specify subclass
    my $token =     IO::Pager::Unbuffered::open *STDOUT;    # Must 'use' class!
    my $token = new IO::Pager::Unbuffered       *STDOUT;    # Must 'use' class!


    print <<"  HEREDOC" ;
    ...
    A bunch of text later
    HEREDOC

    # $token passes out of scope and filehandle is automagically closed
  }

  {
    # You can also use scalar filehandles...
    my $token = IO::Pager::open($FH) or warn($!);
    print $FH "No globs or barewords for us thanks!\n";
  }

  {
    # ...or an object interface
    my $token = new IO::Pager::Buffered;

    $token->print("OO shiny...\n");
  }

=head1 DESCRIPTION

IO::Pager can be used to locate an available pager and set the I<PAGER>
environment variable (see L</NOTES>). It is also a factory for creating
I/O objects such as L<IO::Pager::Buffered> and L<IO::Pager::Unbuffered>.

IO::Pager subclasses are designed to programmatically decide whether
or not to pipe a filehandle's output to a program specified in I<PAGER>.
Subclasses may implement only the IO handle methods desired and inherit
the remainder of those outlined below from IO::Pager. For anything else,
YMMV. See the appropriate subclass for implementation specific details.

=head1 METHODS

=head2 new( [FILEHANDLE], [SUBCLASS] )

Almost identical to open, except that you will get an L<IO::Handle>
back if there's no TTY to allow for IO::Pager agnostic programming.

=head2 open( [FILEHANDLE], [SUBCLASS] )

Instantiate a new IO::Pager, which will paginate output sent to
FILEHANDLE if interacting with a TTY.

Save the return value to check for errors, use as an object,
or for implict close of OO handles when the variable passes out of scope.

=over

=item FILEHANDLE

You may provide a glob or scalar.

Defaults to currently select()-ed F<FILEHANDLE>.

=item SUBCLASS

Specifies which variety of IO::Pager to create.
This accepts fully qualified packages I<IO::Pager::Buffered>,
or simply the third portion of the package name I<Buffered> for brevity.

Defaults to L<IO::Pager::Unbuffered>.

Returns false and sets I<$!> on failure, same as perl's C<open>.

=back

=head2 PID

Call this method on the token returned by C<open> to get the process
identifier for the child process i.e; pager; if you need to perform
some long term process management e.g; perl's C<waitpid>

You can also access the PID by numifying the instantiation token like so:

  my $child = $token+0;

=head2 close( FILEHANDLE )

Explicitly close the filehandle, this stops any redirection of output
on FILEHANDLE that may have been warranted.

I<This does not default to the current filehandle>.

Alternatively, you may rely upon the implicit close of lexical handles
as they pass out of scope e.g;

  {
     IO::Pager::open local *RIBBIT;
     print RIBBIT "No toad sexing allowed";
     ...
  }
  #The filehandle is closed to additional output

  {
     my $token = new IO::Pager::Buffered;
     $token->print("I like trains");
     ...
  }
  #The string "I like trains" is flushed to the pager, and the handle closed

=head2 binmode( FILEHANDLE )

Used to set the I/O layer a.k.a. discipline of a filehandle,
such as C<':utf8'> for UTF-8 encoding.

=head2 print ( FILEHANDLE LIST )

print() to the filehandle.

=head2 printf ( FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST )

printf() to the filehandle.

=head2 syswrite( FILEHANDLE, SCALAR, [LENGTH], [OFFSET] )

syswrite() to the filehandle.

=head1 ENVIRONMENT

=over

=item PAGER

The location of the default pager.

=item PATH

If the location in PAGER is not absolute, PATH may be searched.

See L</NOTES> for more information.

=back

=head1 FILES

IO::Pager may fall back to these binaries in order if I<PAGER> is not
executable.

=over

=item /etc/alternatives/pager

=item /usr/local/bin/less

=item /usr/bin/less

=item /usr/bin/more

=back

See L</NOTES> for more information.

=head1 NOTES

The algorithm for determining which pager to use is as follows:

=over

=item 1. Defer to I<PAGER>

If the I<PAGER> environment variable is set, use the pager it identifies,
unless this pager is not available.

=item 2. Usual suspects

Try the standard, hardcoded paths in L</FILES>.

=item 3. File::Which

If File::Which is available, use the first pager possible amongst
C<less>, C<most>, C<w3m>, C<lv>, C<pg> and L<more>.

=item 4. more

Set I<PAGER> to C<more>, and cross our fingers.

=back

Steps 1, 3 and 4 rely upon the I<PATH> environment variable.

=head1 SEE ALSO

L<IO::Pager::Buffered>, L<IO::Pager::Unbuffered>, L<IO::Pager::Page>,

L<IO::Page>, L<Meta::Tool::Less>

=head1 AUTHOR

Jerrad Pierce <jpierce@cpan.org>

Florent Angly <florent.angly@gmail.com>

This module was inspired by Monte Mitzelfelt's IO::Page 0.02

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2003-2012 Jerrad Pierce

=over

=item * Thou shalt not claim ownership of unmodified materials.

=item * Thou shalt not claim whole ownership of modified materials.

=item * Thou shalt grant the indemnity of the provider of materials.

=item * Thou shalt use and dispense freely without other restrictions.

=back

Or, if you prefer:

This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the same terms as Perl itself, either Perl version 5.0 or,
at your option, any later version of Perl 5 you may have available.

=cut