# Copyright 2006 ThoughtWorks, Inc
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
package WWW::Selenium;
use LWP::UserAgent;
use HTTP::Request;
use URI::Escape;
use Carp qw(croak);
use strict;
use warnings;
our $VERSION = '0.26';
=head1 NAME
WWW::Selenium - Perl Client for the Selenium Remote Control test tool
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use WWW::Selenium;
my $sel = WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",
port => 4444,
browser => "*iexplore",
browser_url => "http://www.google.com",
);
$sel->start;
$sel->open "http://www.google.com";
$sel->type "q", "hello world";
$sel->click "btnG";
$sel->wait_for_page_to_load 5000;
print $sel->get_title;
$sel->stop;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Selenium Remote Control (SRC) is a test tool that allows you to write
automated web application UI tests in any programming language against
any HTTP website using any mainstream JavaScript-enabled browser. SRC
provides a Selenium Server, which can automatically start/stop/control
any supported browser. It works by using Selenium Core, a pure-HTML+JS
library that performs automated tasks in JavaScript; the Selenium
Server communicates directly with the browser using AJAX
(XmlHttpRequest).
L
This module sends commands directly to the Server using simple HTTP
GET/POST requests. Using this module together with the Selenium
Server, you can automatically control any supported browser.
To use this module, you need to have already downloaded and started
the Selenium Server. (The Selenium Server is a Java application.)
=cut
#Defines an object that runs Selenium commands.
=head3 Element Locators
Element Locators tell Selenium which HTML element a command refers to.
The format of a locator is:
IB<=>I
We support the following strategies for locating elements:
=over
=item B=I
Select the element with the specified @id attribute. If no match is
found, select the first element whose @name attribute is I.
(This is normally the default; see below.)
=item B=I
Select the element with the specified @id attribute.
=item B=I
Select the first element with the specified @name attribute.
=over
=item * username
=item * name=username
=back
The name may optionally be followed by one or more I, separated from the name by whitespace. If the I is not specified, B is assumed.
=over
=item * name=flavour value=chocolate
=back
=item B=I
Find an element using JavaScript traversal of the HTML Document Object
Model. DOM locators I begin with "document.".
=over
=item * dom=document.forms['myForm'].myDropdown
=item * dom=document.images[56]
=back
=item B=I
Locate an element using an XPath expression.
=over
=item * xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']
=item * xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2]
=back
=item B=I
Select the link (anchor) element which contains text matching the
specified I.
=over
=item * link=The link text
=back
=back
Without an explicit locator prefix, Selenium uses the following default
strategies:
=over
=item * B, for locators starting with "document."
=item * B, for locators starting with "//"
=item * B, otherwise
=back
=head3 Element Filters
Element filters can be used with a locator to refine a list of candidate elements. They are currently used only in the 'name' element-locator.
Filters look much like locators, ie.
IB<=>ISupported element-filters are:
BI
Matches elements based on their values. This is particularly useful for refining a list of similarly-named toggle-buttons.BI
Selects a single element based on its position in the list (offset from zero).
=head3 String-match Patterns
Various Pattern syntaxes are available for matching string values:
=over
=item BI
Match a string against a "glob" (aka "wildmat") pattern. "Glob" is a
kind of limited regular-expression syntax typically used in command-line
shells. In a glob pattern, "*" represents any sequence of characters, and "?"
represents any single character. Glob patterns match against the entire
string.
=item BI
Match a string using a regular-expression. The full power of JavaScript
regular-expressions is available.
=item BI
Match a string exactly, verbatim, without any of that fancy wildcard
stuff.
=back
If no pattern prefix is specified, Selenium assumes that it's a "glob"
pattern.
=cut
eval 'require Encode';
my $encode_present = !$@;
Encode->import('decode_utf8') if $encode_present;
### This part is hard-coded in the XSL
sub new {
my ($class, %args) = @_;
my $self = { # default args:
host => 'localhost',
port => 4444,
browser_start_command => delete $args{browser} || '*firefox',
%args,
};
croak 'browser_url is mandatory!' unless $self->{browser_url};
bless $self, $class or die "Can't bless $class: $!";
return $self;
}
sub start {
my $self = shift;
$self->{session_id} = $self->get_string("getNewBrowserSession",
$self->{browser_start_command},
$self->{browser_url});
}
sub stop {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("testComplete");
$self->{session_id} = undef;
}
sub do_command {
my ($self, $command, @args) = @_;
$command = uri_escape($command);
my $fullurl = "http://$self->{host}:$self->{port}/selenium-server/driver/"
. "\?cmd=$command";
my $i = 1;
@args = grep defined, @args;
while (@args) {
$fullurl .= "&$i=" . URI::Escape::uri_escape_utf8(shift @args);
$i++;
}
if (defined $self->{session_id}) {
$fullurl .= "&sessionId=$self->{session_id}";
}
print "---> Requesting $fullurl\n" if $self->{verbose};
# We use the full version of LWP to make sure we issue an
# HTTP 1.1 request (SRC-25)
my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
my $response = $ua->request( HTTP::Request->new(GET => $fullurl) );
my $result;
if ($response->is_success) {
$result = $response->content;
print "Got result: $result\n" if $self->{verbose};
}
else {
die "Error requesting $fullurl:\n" . $response->status_line . "\n";
}
$result = decode_utf8($result) if $encode_present;
die "Error requesting $fullurl:\n$result\n" unless $result =~ /^OK/;
return $result;
}
sub get_string {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->do_command(@_);
return substr($result, 3);
}
sub get_string_array {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->get_string(@_);
my $token = "";
my @tokens = ();
my @chars = split(//, $result);
for (my $i = 0; $i < @chars; $i++) {
my $char = $chars[$i];
if ($char eq '\\') {
$i++;
$char = $chars[$i];
$token .= $char;
} elsif ($char eq ',') {
push (@tokens, $token);
$token = "";
} else {
$token .= $char;
}
}
push (@tokens, $token);
return @tokens;
}
sub get_number {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->get_string(@_);
# Is there something else I need to do here?
return $result;
}
sub get_number_array {
my $self = shift;
my @result = $self->get_string_array(@_);
# Is there something else I need to do here?
return @result;
}
sub get_boolean {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->get_string(@_);
if ($result eq "true") {
return 1;
}
if ($result eq "false") {
return 0;
}
die "result is neither 'true' nor 'false': $result";
}
sub get_boolean_array {
my $self = shift;
my @result = $self->get_string_array(@_);
my @boolarr = ();
for (my $i = 0; $i < @result; $i++) {
if ($result[$i] eq "true") {
push (@boolarr, 1);
next;
}
if ($result[$i] eq "false") {
push (@boolarr, 1);
next;
}
die "result is neither 'true' nor 'false': ". $result[$i];
}
return @boolarr;
}
=head2 METHODS
The following methods are available:
=over
=item $sel = WWW::Selenium-Enew( %args )
Constructs a new C object, specifying a Selenium Server
host/port, a command to launch the browser, and a starting URL for the
browser.
Options:
=over
=item * C
host is the host name on which the Selenium Server resides.
=item * C
port is the port on which the Selenium Server is listening.
=item * C
browser_url is the starting URL including just a domain name. We'll
start the browser pointing at the Selenium resources on this URL,
e.g. "http://www.google.com" would send the browser to
"http://www.google.com/selenium-server/SeleneseRunner.html"
=item * C or C
This is the command string used to launch the browser, e.g.
"*firefox", "*iexplore" or "/usr/bin/firefox"
This option may be any one of the following:
=over
=item * C<*firefox [absolute path]>
Automatically launch a new Firefox process using a custom Firefox
profile.
This profile will be automatically configured to use the Selenium
Server as a proxy and to have all annoying prompts
("save your password?" "forms are insecure" "make Firefox your default
browser?" disabled. You may optionally specify
an absolute path to your firefox executable, or just say "*firefox".
If no absolute path is specified, we'll look for
firefox.exe in a default location (normally c:\program files\mozilla
firefox\firefox.exe), which you can override by
setting the Java system property C to the correct
path to Firefox.
=item * C<*iexplore [absolute path]>
Automatically launch a new Internet Explorer process using custom
Windows registry settings.
This process will be automatically configured to use the Selenium
Server as a proxy and to have all annoying prompts
("save your password?" "forms are insecure" "make Firefox your default
browser?" disabled. You may optionally specify
an absolute path to your iexplore executable, or just say "*iexplore".
If no absolute path is specified, we'll look for
iexplore.exe in a default location (normally c:\program files\internet
explorer\iexplore.exe), which you can override by
setting the Java system property C to the correct
path to Internet Explorer.
=item * C
You may also simply specify the absolute path to your browser
executable, or use a relative path to your executable (which we'll try
to find on your path). B If you
specify your own custom browser, it's up to you to configure it
correctly. At a minimum, you'll need to configure your
browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy, and disable all
browser-specific prompting.
=back
=back
=cut
### From here on, everything's auto-generated from XML
=item * $sel-Eclick($locator)
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click action
causes a new page to load (like a link usually does), call
waitForPageToLoad.
$locator is an element locator.
=cut
sub click {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("click", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Efire_event($locator, $event_name)
Explicitly simulate an event, to trigger the corresponding "onI"
handler.
$locator is an element locator.
$event_name is the event name, e.g. "focus" or "blur".
=cut
sub fire_event {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("fireEvent", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Ekey_press($locator, $keycode)
Simulates a user pressing and releasing a key.
$locator is an element locator.
$keycode is the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed, normally the
ASCII value of that key..
=cut
sub key_press {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("keyPress", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Ekey_down($locator, $keycode)
Simulates a user pressing a key (without releasing it yet).
$locator is an element locator.
$keycode is the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed, normally the
ASCII value of that key..
=cut
sub key_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("keyDown", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Ekey_up($locator, $keycode)
Simulates a user releasing a key.
$locator is an element locator.
$keycode is the numeric keycode of the key to be released, normally the
ASCII value of that key..
=cut
sub key_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("keyUp", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Emouse_over($locator)
Simulates a user hovering a mouse over the specified element.
$locator is an element locator.
=cut
sub mouse_over {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseOver", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Emouse_down($locator)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) on
the specified element.
$locator is an element locator.
=cut
sub mouse_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseDown", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Etype($locator, $value)
Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in.
Can also be used to set the value of combo boxes, check boxes, etc. In these cases,
value should be the value of the option selected, not the visible text.
$locator is an element locator.
$value is the value to type.
=cut
sub type {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("type", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Echeck($locator)
Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
$locator is an element locator.
=cut
sub check {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("check", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Euncheck($locator)
Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
$locator is an element locator.
=cut
sub uncheck {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("uncheck", @_);
}
=item * $sel-Eselect($select_locator, $option_locator)
Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator.
Option locators provide different ways of specifying options of an HTML
Select element (e.g. for selecting a specific option, or for asserting
that the selected option satisfies a specification). There are several
forms of Select Option Locator.
=over
=item * B