# Copyright 2006 ThoughtWorks, Inc
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
package WWW::Selenium;
use LWP::UserAgent;
use HTTP::Request;
use URI::Escape;
use Carp qw(croak);
use Time::HiRes qw(sleep);
use strict;
use warnings;
our $VERSION = '0.911';
=head1 NAME
WWW::Selenium - Perl Client for the Selenium Remote Control test tool
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use WWW::Selenium;
my $sel = WWW::Selenium->new( host => "localhost",
port => 4444,
browser => "*iexplore",
browser_url => "http://www.google.com",
);
$sel->start;
$sel->open("http://www.google.com");
$sel->type("q", "hello world");
$sel->click("btnG");
$sel->wait_for_page_to_load(5000);
print $sel->get_title;
$sel->stop;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Selenium Remote Control (SRC) is a test tool that allows you to write
automated web application UI tests in any programming language against
any HTTP website using any mainstream JavaScript-enabled browser. SRC
provides a Selenium Server, which can automatically start/stop/control
any supported browser. It works by using Selenium Core, a pure-HTML+JS
library that performs automated tasks in JavaScript; the Selenium
Server communicates directly with the browser using AJAX
(XmlHttpRequest).
L
This module sends commands directly to the Server using simple HTTP
GET/POST requests. Using this module together with the Selenium
Server, you can automatically control any supported browser.
To use this module, you need to have already downloaded and started
the Selenium Server. (The Selenium Server is a Java application.)
=cut
### This next part is auto-generated based on the big comment in selenium-api.js
#Defines an object that runs Selenium commands.
=head3 Element Locators
Element Locators tell Selenium which HTML element a command refers to.The format of a locator is:
=over
IB<=>I
=back
We support the following strategies for locating elements:
=over
=item *
B=I: Select the element with the specified @id attribute. If no match isfound, select the first element whose @name attribute is I.(This is normally the default; see below.)
=item *
B=I:Select the element with the specified @id attribute.
=item *
B=I:Select the first element with the specified @name attribute.
=over
=item *
username
=item *
name=username
=back
The name may optionally be followed by one or more I, separated from the name by whitespace. If the I is not specified, B is assumed.
=over
=item *
name=flavour value=chocolate
=back
=item *
B=I: Find an element by evaluating the specified string. This allows you to traverse the HTML Document ObjectModel using JavaScript. Note that you must not return a value in this string; simply make it the last expression in the block.
=over
=item *
dom=document.forms['myForm'].myDropdown
=item *
dom=document.images[56]
=item *
dom=function foo() { return document.links[1]; }; foo();
=back
=item *
B=I: Locate an element using an XPath expression.
=over
=item *
xpath=//img[@alt='The image alt text']
=item *
xpath=//table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2]
=item *
xpath=//a[contains(@href,'#id1')]
=item *
xpath=//a[contains(@href,'#id1')]/@class
=item *
xpath=(//table[@class='stylee'])//th[text()='theHeaderText']/../td
=item *
xpath=//input[@name='name2' and @value='yes']
=item *
xpath=//*[text()="right"]
=back
=item *
B=I:Select the link (anchor) element which contains text matching thespecified I.
=over
=item *
link=The link text
=back
=item *
B=I:Select the element using css selectors. Please refer to http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-CSS2/selector.html (CSS2 selectors), http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/CR-css3-selectors-20011113/ (CSS3 selectors) for more information. You can also check the TestCssLocators test in the selenium test suite for an example of usage, which is included in the downloaded selenium core package.
=over
=item *
css=a[href="#id3"]
=item *
css=span#firstChild + span
=back
Currently the css selector locator supports all css1, css2 and css3 selectors except namespace in css3, some pseudo classes(:nth-of-type, :nth-last-of-type, :first-of-type, :last-of-type, :only-of-type, :visited, :hover, :active, :focus, :indeterminate) and pseudo elements(::first-line, ::first-letter, ::selection, ::before, ::after).
=back
Without an explicit locator prefix, Selenium uses the following defaultstrategies:
=over
=item *
B, for locators starting with "document."
=item *
B, for locators starting with "//"
=item *
B, otherwise
=back
=head3 Element Filters
Element filters can be used with a locator to refine a list of candidate elements. They are currently used only in the 'name' element-locator.
Filters look much like locators, ie.
=over
IB<=>I
=back
Supported element-filters are:
BI
=over
Matches elements based on their values. This is particularly useful for refining a list of similarly-named toggle-buttons.
=back
BI
=over
Selects a single element based on its position in the list (offset from zero).
=back
=head3 String-match Patterns
Various Pattern syntaxes are available for matching string values:
=over
=item *
BI:Match a string against a "glob" (aka "wildmat") pattern. "Glob" is akind of limited regular-expression syntax typically used in command-lineshells. In a glob pattern, "*" represents any sequence of characters, and "?"represents any single character. Glob patterns match against the entirestring.
=item *
BI:Match a string using a regular-expression. The full power of JavaScriptregular-expressions is available.
=item *
BI:Match a string exactly, verbatim, without any of that fancy wildcardstuff.
=back
If no pattern prefix is specified, Selenium assumes that it's a "glob"pattern.
=cut
eval 'require Encode';
my $encode_present = !$@;
Encode->import('decode_utf8') if $encode_present;
=head2 METHODS
The following methods are available:
=over
=item $sel = WWW::Selenium-Enew( %args )
Constructs a new C object, specifying a Selenium Server
host/port, a command to launch the browser, and a starting URL for the
browser.
Options:
=over
=item * C
host is the host name on which the Selenium Server resides.
=item * C
port is the port on which the Selenium Server is listening.
=item * C
browser_url is the starting URL including just a domain name. We'll
start the browser pointing at the Selenium resources on this URL,
e.g. "http://www.google.com" would send the browser to
"http://www.google.com/selenium-server/SeleneseRunner.html"
=item * C or C
This is the command string used to launch the browser, e.g.
"*firefox", "*iexplore" or "/usr/bin/firefox"
This option may be any one of the following:
=over
=item * C<*firefox [absolute path]>
Automatically launch a new Firefox process using a custom Firefox
profile.
This profile will be automatically configured to use the Selenium
Server as a proxy and to have all annoying prompts
("save your password?" "forms are insecure" "make Firefox your default
browser?" disabled. You may optionally specify
an absolute path to your firefox executable, or just say "*firefox".
If no absolute path is specified, we'll look for
firefox.exe in a default location (normally c:\program files\mozilla
firefox\firefox.exe), which you can override by
setting the Java system property C to the correct
path to Firefox.
=item * C<*iexplore [absolute path]>
Automatically launch a new Internet Explorer process using custom
Windows registry settings.
This process will be automatically configured to use the Selenium
Server as a proxy and to have all annoying prompts
("save your password?" "forms are insecure" "make Firefox your default
browser?" disabled. You may optionally specify
an absolute path to your iexplore executable, or just say "*iexplore".
If no absolute path is specified, we'll look for
iexplore.exe in a default location (normally c:\program files\internet
explorer\iexplore.exe), which you can override by
setting the Java system property C to the correct
path to Internet Explorer.
=item * C
You may also simply specify the absolute path to your browser
executable, or use a relative path to your executable (which we'll try
to find on your path). B If you
specify your own custom browser, it's up to you to configure it
correctly. At a minimum, you'll need to configure your
browser to use the Selenium Server as a proxy, and disable all
browser-specific prompting.
=back
=item * C
Defaults to true, and will attempt to close the browser if the object
goes out of scope and stop hasn't been called.
=back
=cut
sub new {
my ($class, %args) = @_;
my $self = { # default args:
host => 'localhost',
port => 4444,
auto_stop => 1,
browser_start_command => delete $args{browser} || '*firefox',
%args,
};
croak 'browser_url is mandatory!' unless $self->{browser_url};
bless $self, $class or die "Can't bless $class: $!";
return $self;
}
sub start {
my $self = shift;
return if $self->{session_id};
$self->{session_id} = $self->get_string("getNewBrowserSession",
$self->{browser_start_command},
$self->{browser_url});
}
sub stop {
my $self = shift;
return unless defined $self->{session_id};
$self->do_command("testComplete");
$self->{session_id} = undef;
}
sub do_command {
my ($self, $command, @args) = @_;
$self->{_page_opened} = 1 if $command eq 'open';
# Check that user has called open()
my %valid_pre_open_commands = (
testComplete => 1,
getNewBrowserSession => 1,
);
if (!$self->{_page_opened} and !$valid_pre_open_commands{$command}) {
die "You must open a page before calling $command. eg: \$sel->open('/');\n";
}
$command = uri_escape($command);
my $fullurl = "http://$self->{host}:$self->{port}/selenium-server/driver/"
. "\?cmd=$command";
my $i = 1;
@args = grep defined, @args;
while (@args) {
$fullurl .= "&$i=" . URI::Escape::uri_escape_utf8(shift @args);
$i++;
}
if (defined $self->{session_id}) {
$fullurl .= "&sessionId=$self->{session_id}";
}
print "---> Requesting $fullurl\n" if $self->{verbose};
# We use the full version of LWP to make sure we issue an
# HTTP 1.1 request (SRC-25)
my $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new;
my $response = $ua->request( HTTP::Request->new(GET => $fullurl) );
my $result;
if ($response->is_success) {
$result = $response->content;
print "Got result: $result\n" if $self->{verbose};
}
else {
die "Error requesting $fullurl:\n" . $response->status_line . "\n";
}
$result = decode_utf8($result) if $encode_present;
die "Error requesting $fullurl:\n$result\n" unless $result =~ /^OK/;
return $result;
}
sub get_string {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->do_command(@_);
return substr($result, 3);
}
sub get_string_array {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->get_string(@_);
my $token = "";
my @tokens = ();
my @chars = split(//, $result);
for (my $i = 0; $i < @chars; $i++) {
my $char = $chars[$i];
if ($char eq '\\') {
$i++;
$char = $chars[$i];
$token .= $char;
} elsif ($char eq ',') {
push (@tokens, $token);
$token = "";
} else {
$token .= $char;
}
}
push (@tokens, $token);
return @tokens;
}
sub get_number {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->get_string(@_);
# Is there something else I need to do here?
return $result;
}
sub get_number_array {
my $self = shift;
my @result = $self->get_string_array(@_);
# Is there something else I need to do here?
return @result;
}
sub get_boolean {
my $self = shift;
my $result = $self->get_string(@_);
if ($result eq "true") {
return 1;
}
if ($result eq "false") {
return 0;
}
die "result is neither 'true' nor 'false': $result";
}
sub get_boolean_array {
my $self = shift;
my @result = $self->get_string_array(@_);
my @boolarr = ();
for (my $i = 0; $i < @result; $i++) {
if ($result[$i] eq "true") {
push (@boolarr, 1);
next;
}
if ($result[$i] eq "false") {
push (@boolarr, 0);
next;
}
die "result is neither 'true' nor 'false': ". $result[$i];
}
return @boolarr;
}
=item $sel-Epause($timeout)
Waits $timeout milliseconds (default: 1 second)
=cut
sub pause {
my ($self,$timeout) = @_;
$timeout = 1000 unless defined $timeout;
$timeout /= 1000;
sleep $timeout;
}
### From here on, everything's auto-generated from XML
=item $sel-Eclick($locator)
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click actioncauses a new page to load (like a link usually does), callwaitForPageToLoad.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub click {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("click", @_);
}
=item $sel-Edouble_click($locator)
Double clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the double click actioncauses a new page to load (like a link usually does), callwaitForPageToLoad.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub double_click {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("doubleClick", @_);
}
=item $sel-Eclick_at($locator, $coord_string)
Clicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the click actioncauses a new page to load (like a link usually does), callwaitForPageToLoad.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$coord_string is specifies the x,y position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by the locator.
=back
=cut
sub click_at {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("clickAt", @_);
}
=item $sel-Edouble_click_at($locator, $coord_string)
Doubleclicks on a link, button, checkbox or radio button. If the actioncauses a new page to load (like a link usually does), callwaitForPageToLoad.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$coord_string is specifies the x,y position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by the locator.
=back
=cut
sub double_click_at {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("doubleClickAt", @_);
}
=item $sel-Efire_event($locator, $event_name)
Explicitly simulate an event, to trigger the corresponding "onI"handler.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$event_name is the event name, e.g. "focus" or "blur"
=back
=cut
sub fire_event {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("fireEvent", @_);
}
=item $sel-Ekey_press($locator, $key_sequence)
Simulates a user pressing and releasing a key.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$key_sequence is Either be a string("\" followed by the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed, normally the ASCII value of that key), or a single character. For example: "w", "\119".
=back
=cut
sub key_press {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("keyPress", @_);
}
=item $sel-Eshift_key_down()
Press the shift key and hold it down until doShiftUp() is called or a new page is loaded.
=cut
sub shift_key_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("shiftKeyDown", @_);
}
=item $sel-Eshift_key_up()
Release the shift key.
=cut
sub shift_key_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("shiftKeyUp", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emeta_key_down()
Press the meta key and hold it down until doMetaUp() is called or a new page is loaded.
=cut
sub meta_key_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("metaKeyDown", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emeta_key_up()
Release the meta key.
=cut
sub meta_key_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("metaKeyUp", @_);
}
=item $sel-Ealt_key_down()
Press the alt key and hold it down until doAltUp() is called or a new page is loaded.
=cut
sub alt_key_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("altKeyDown", @_);
}
=item $sel-Ealt_key_up()
Release the alt key.
=cut
sub alt_key_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("altKeyUp", @_);
}
=item $sel-Econtrol_key_down()
Press the control key and hold it down until doControlUp() is called or a new page is loaded.
=cut
sub control_key_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("controlKeyDown", @_);
}
=item $sel-Econtrol_key_up()
Release the control key.
=cut
sub control_key_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("controlKeyUp", @_);
}
=item $sel-Ekey_down($locator, $key_sequence)
Simulates a user pressing a key (without releasing it yet).
=over
$locator is an element locator
$key_sequence is Either be a string("\" followed by the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed, normally the ASCII value of that key), or a single character. For example: "w", "\119".
=back
=cut
sub key_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("keyDown", @_);
}
=item $sel-Ekey_up($locator, $key_sequence)
Simulates a user releasing a key.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$key_sequence is Either be a string("\" followed by the numeric keycode of the key to be pressed, normally the ASCII value of that key), or a single character. For example: "w", "\119".
=back
=cut
sub key_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("keyUp", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_over($locator)
Simulates a user hovering a mouse over the specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub mouse_over {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseOver", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_out($locator)
Simulates a user moving the mouse pointer away from the specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub mouse_out {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseOut", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_down($locator)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) onthe specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub mouse_down {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseDown", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_down_at($locator, $coord_string)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) onthe specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$coord_string is specifies the x,y position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by the locator.
=back
=cut
sub mouse_down_at {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseDownAt", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_up($locator)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) onthe specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub mouse_up {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseUp", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_up_at($locator, $coord_string)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) onthe specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$coord_string is specifies the x,y position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by the locator.
=back
=cut
sub mouse_up_at {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseUpAt", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_move($locator)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) onthe specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub mouse_move {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseMove", @_);
}
=item $sel-Emouse_move_at($locator, $coord_string)
Simulates a user pressing the mouse button (without releasing it yet) onthe specified element.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$coord_string is specifies the x,y position (i.e. - 10,20) of the mouse event relative to the element returned by the locator.
=back
=cut
sub mouse_move_at {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("mouseMoveAt", @_);
}
=item $sel-Etype($locator, $value)
Sets the value of an input field, as though you typed it in.
Can also be used to set the value of combo boxes, check boxes, etc. In these cases,value should be the value of the option selected, not the visible text.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$value is the value to type
=back
=cut
sub type {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("type", @_);
}
=item $sel-Etype_keys($locator, $value)
Simulates keystroke events on the specified element, as though you typed the value key-by-key.
This is a convenience method for calling keyDown, keyUp, keyPress for every character in the specified string;this is useful for dynamic UI widgets (like auto-completing combo boxes) that require explicit key events.
Unlike the simple "type" command, which forces the specified value into the page directly, this commandmay or may not have any visible effect, even in cases where typing keys would normally have a visible effect.For example, if you use "typeKeys" on a form element, you may or may not see the results of what you typed inthe field.
In some cases, you may need to use the simple "type" command to set the value of the field and then the "typeKeys" command tosend the keystroke events corresponding to what you just typed.
=over
$locator is an element locator
$value is the value to type
=back
=cut
sub type_keys {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("typeKeys", @_);
}
=item $sel-Eset_speed($value)
Set execution speed (i.e., set the millisecond length of a delay which will follow each selenium operation). By default, there is no such delay, i.e.,the delay is 0 milliseconds.
=over
$value is the number of milliseconds to pause after operation
=back
=cut
sub set_speed {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("setSpeed", @_);
}
=item $sel-Eget_speed()
Get execution speed (i.e., get the millisecond length of the delay following each selenium operation). By default, there is no such delay, i.e.,the delay is 0 milliseconds.See also setSpeed.
=cut
sub get_speed {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("getSpeed", @_);
}
=item $sel-Echeck($locator)
Check a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub check {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("check", @_);
}
=item $sel-Euncheck($locator)
Uncheck a toggle-button (checkbox/radio)
=over
$locator is an element locator
=back
=cut
sub uncheck {
my $self = shift;
$self->do_command("uncheck", @_);
}
=item $sel-Eselect($select_locator, $option_locator)
Select an option from a drop-down using an option locator.
Option locators provide different ways of specifying options of an HTMLSelect element (e.g. for selecting a specific option, or for assertingthat the selected option satisfies a specification). There are severalforms of Select Option Locator.
=over
=item *
B