NAME
    Bitmask::Data - Handle bitmasks in an easy and flexible way

SYNOPSIS
     # Create a simple bitmask class
     packacke MyBitmask;
     use base qw(Bitmask::Data);
     __PACKAGE__->bitmask_length(18);
     __PACKAGE__->bitmask_default(0b000000000000000011);
     __PACKAGE__->init(
        'value1' => 0b000000000000000001,
        'value2' => 0b000000000000000010,
        'value2' => 0b000000000000000100,
        'value4' => 0b000000000000001000,
        'value5' => 0b000000000000010000,
        ...
     );
     
 ## Somewhere else in your code
     use MyBitmask;
     my $bm = MyBitmask->new('value1','value3');
     $bm->mask;

DESCRIPTION
    This package helps you dealing with bitmasks. First you need to subclass
    Bitmask::Data and set the bitmask values and length. (If you are only
    working with a single bitmask in a simple application you might also
    initialize the bitmask directly in the Bitmask::Data module).

    After the initialization you can create an arbitrary number of bitmask
    objects which can be accessed and manipulated with convenient methods.

METHODS
  Class Methods
   bitmask_length
    Set/Get the length of the bitmask. Changing this value after the
    initialization is not recommended.

    Default: 16

   bitmask_default
    Set/Get the default bitmask for empty Bitmask::Data objects.

    Default: undef

   bitmask_complex
    Boolean value that enables/disables checks for composed bitmasks. If
    false init will only accept bitmask bit values that are powers of 2.

    Default: 0

    Complex bitmask also allow the creation of overlapping bitmask values:

     packacke LocaleBitmask;
     use base qw(Bitmask::Data);
     __PACKAGE__->bitmask_length(8); # 8 bits
     __PACKAGE__->bitmask_complex(1); # enable overlapping bitmasks
     __PACKAGE__->init(
        AT      => 0b000_00001, # Austria
        CH      => 0b000_00010, # Switzerland
        DE      => 0b000_00100, # Germany
        FR      => 0b000_01000, # France
        IT      => 0b000_10000, # Italy
        
    de      => 0b001_00000, # German
        fr      => 0b010_00000, # French
        it      => 0b100_00000, # Italian
        
    de_AT   => 0b001_00001, # German / Austria
        de_CH   => 0b001_00010, # German / Switzerland
        de_DE   => 0b001_00100, # German / Germany
        fr_CH   => 0b010_00010, # French / Germany
        fr_FR   => 0b010_01000, # French / France
        it_CH   => 0b100_00010, # Italian / Germany    
        it_IT   => 0b100_10000, # Italian / Italy
     );
     
 # Somewhere else
     
 LocaleBitmask->new('de')->hasany('de'); # true
     LocaleBitmask->new('de')->hasany('de_DE'); # true
     LocaleBitmask->new('de')->hasall('de_DE'); # false
     LocaleBitmask->new('de_DE','de_AT','de_CH')->hasexact('de','AT','DE','CH'); # true
     LocaleBitmask->new('de_DE','de_AT','de_CH')->list # de,DE,de_DE,de_AT,AT,de_CH,CH

   bitmask_lazyinit
    Boolean value that enables/disables warnings for lazy initialization. (
    Lazy initialization = call of init without bitmask bit values)

    Default: 0

   bitmask_items
    HASHREF of all bitmask items. Don't mess around here unless you know
    what you are doing.

   init
        CLASS->init(LIST of VALUES);

    Initializes the bitmask class. You can supply a list of possible values.
    Optionally you can also specify the bits for the mask by adding bit
    values after the value.

        CLASS->init(
            'value1' => 0b000001,
            'value2' => 0b000010,
            'value3' => 0b001000,
            'value4' => 0b010000,
        );

    With "bitmask_lazyinit" enabled you can also skip the bitmask bit values

        CLASS->bitmask_lazyinit(1);
        CLASS->init(
            'value1',
            'value2',
            'value3',
            'value4',
        );

   data2bit
        CLASS->data2bit(VALUE);

    Returns the corresponding bit for the given value.

   bit2data
        CLASS->bit2data(BIT);

    Returns the corresponding value for the given bit.

   bm2data
        CLASS->bm2data(BITMASK);

    Returns all the value for the given bitmask.

   any2data
        CLASS->any2data(124); # Bitmask
        CLASS->any2data('de_DE'); # Value
        CLASS->any2data(0b110001001); # Bitmask in bit notation
        CLASS->any2data('0B110001001'); # Bitmask string
        CLASS->any2data('0b111000001'); # Bitmask string

    Turns a single value (bit, bitmask,value, bitmask string) into a value.

   _parse_params
        CLASS->_parse_params(LIST)

    Helper method for parsing params passed to various methods.

  Public Methods
   new
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new();
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new('value1');
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new('value2', 'value3');
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new('0b00010000010000');
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new(124);
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new(0b00010000010000);
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new(0x2);
        my $bm = MyBitmask->new([32, 'value1', 0b00010000010000]);

    Create a new bitmask object. You can supply almost any combination of
    bits, bitmasks and values, even mix different types.

    *   LIST or ARRAYREF of values

    *   LIST or ARRAYREF of strings representing bits or bitmasks (starting
        with '0b')

    *   LIST or ARRAYREF of bitmasks

    *   Any combination of the above

   clone
        $bm2 = $bm->clone();

    Clones a bitmask object

   set
        $bm->set(ITEMS);

    This method takes the same arguments as "new". It resets the current
    bitmask and sets the supplied arguments.

    Returns the object.

   list
        $bm->list()

    In list context, this returns a list of the set values in scalar
    context, this returns an array reference to the list of values.

   length
        $bm->length()

    Number of set bitmask values.

   first
        $bm->first()

    Returns the first set value (the order of the values is determied by the
    sequence of the addition)

   remove
        $bm->remove(ITEMS);

    This method takes the same arguments as "new". The values supplied in
    the arguments will be unset.

    Returns the object.

   reset
        $bm->reset();

    Unsets all values, leaving an empty list.

    Returns the object.

   setall
        $bm->setall();

    Sets all values.

    Returns the object.

   add
        $bm->add(ITEMS);

    This method takes the same arguments as "new". The specified values will
    be set.

    Returns the object.

   mask
        $bm->mask();

    Returns the integer representing the bitmask of all the set values.

   string
        $bm->string();

    Retuns the string representing the bitmask.

   sqlfilter_all
        $bm->sqlfilter_all($field);

    This method can be used for database searches in conjunction with
    SQL::Abstract an POSTGRESQL (SQL::Abstract is used by "DBIx::Class" for
    generating searches). The search will find all database rows with
    bitmask that have at least the given values set. (use the "sql" method
    for an exact match)

    Example how to use sqlfilter with SQL::Abstract:

        my($stmt, @bind) = $sql->select(
            'mytable', 
            \@fields,
            {
                $bm->sqlfilter_all('mytable.bitmaskfield'),
            }
        );

    Example how to use sqlfilter with DBIx::Class:

        my $list = $resultset->search(
            { 
                $bm->sqlfilter_all('me.bitmaskfield'), 
            },
        );

   sqlfilter
    Shortcut for "sqlfilter_all"

   sqlfilter_any
        $bm->sqlfilter_any($field);

    Works like "sqlfilter_all" but checks for any bit matching

   hasall
        $bm->hasall(ITEMS);

    This method takes the same arguments as "new". Checks if all requestes
    items are set and returns true or false.

   hasexact
        $bm->hasexact(ITEMS);

    This method takes the same arguments as "new". Checks if the requestes
    items exactly match the set values.

   hasany
        $bm->hasany(ITEMS);

    This method takes the same arguments as "new". Checks if at least one
    set value matches the supplied value list and returns true or false

CAVEATS
    Since Bitmask::Data is very liberal with input data you cannot use
    numbers as bitmask values.

    Bitmask::Data also adds a considerable processing overhead (especially
    when the bitmask_complex option is enabled) to bitmask manipulations.

SUBCLASSING
    Bitmask::Data was designed to be subclassed.

        package MyBitmask;
        use base qw(Bitmask::Data);
        __PACKAGE__->bitmask_length(20); # Default length is 16
        __PACKAGE__->init(
            'value1' => 0b000000000000000001,
            'value2' => 0x2,
            'value2' => 4,
            'value4', # lazy initlialization
            'value5', # lazy initlialization
        );

WORKING WITH DATABASES
    This module comes with support for POSTGRESQL databases (patches for
    other database vendors are welcome).

    First you need to create the correct column types:

        CREATE TABLE bitmaskexample ( 
            id integer DEFAULT nextval('pkey_seq'::regclass) NOT NULL,
            bitmask bit(14),
            otherfields character varying
        );

    The length of the bitmask field must match "CLASS->bitmask_length".

    This module provides three convenient methods to work with databases:

    *   sqlfilter_all: Search for matching bitmasks

    *   sqlfilter_any: Search for bitmasks with matching bits

    *   string: Print the bitmask string as used by postgres database

    If you are working with DBIx::Class you might also install de- and
    inflators for Bitmask objects:

        __PACKAGE__->inflate_column('fieldname',{
            inflate => sub {
                my $value = shift;
                return MyBitmask->new($value);
            },
            deflate => sub {
                my $value = shift;
                undef $value 
                    unless ref($value) && $value->isa('MyBitmask');
                $value //= MyBitmask->new();
                return $value->string;
            },
        });

SUPPORT
    Please report any bugs or feature requests to
    "bug-bitmask-data@rt.cpan.org", or through the web interface at
    <http://rt.cpan.org/Public/Bug/Report.html?Queue=Bitmask::Data>. I will
    be notified and then you'll automatically be notified of the progress on
    your report as I make changes.

AUTHOR
        Klaus Ita
        koki [at] worstofall.com

        Maroš Kollár
        CPAN ID: MAROS
        maros [at] k-1.com
        
    L<http://www.revdev.at>

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
    This module was originally written by Klaus Ita (Koki) for Revdev
    <http://www.revdev.at>, a nice litte software company I (Maros) run with
    Koki and Domm (<http://search.cpan.org/~domm/>).

COPYRIGHT
    Bitmask::Data is Copyright (c) 2008 Klaus Ita, Maroš Kollár -
    <http://www.revdev.at>

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
    under the same terms as Perl itself.

    The full text of the license can be found in the LICENSE file included
    with this module.