package Reflex; { $Reflex::VERSION = '0.098'; } # vim: ts=2 sw=2 noexpandtab use warnings; use strict; use Carp qw(croak); sub import { my $class = shift; return unless @_; my $caller_package = caller(); # Use the packages in the caller's package. # TODO - Is there a way to place the use in the caller's package # without the eval? eval join( "; ", "package $caller_package", map { "use $class\::$_" } @_ ); # Rewrite the error so that it comes from the caller. if ($@) { my $msg = $@; $msg =~ s/(\(\@INC contains.*?\)) at .*/$1/s; croak $msg; } } sub run_all { Reflex::Base->run_all(); } 1; =pod =for :stopwords Rocco Caputo cpan testmatrix url annocpan anno bugtracker rt cpants kwalitee diff irc mailto metadata placeholders metacpan =encoding UTF-8 =head1 NAME Reflex - Class library for flexible, reactive programs. =head1 VERSION This document describes version 0.098, released on June 05, 2012. =head1 SYNOPSIS The distribution includes a few different versions of this synopsis. See eg/eg-18-synopsis-no-moose.pl if you don't like Moose. See eg/eg-32-promise-tiny.pl if you prefer promises (condvar-like). See eg/eg-36-coderefs-tiny.pl if you prefer coderefs and/or closures. { package App; use Moose; extends 'Reflex::Base'; use Reflex::Interval; use Reflex::Trait::Watched qw(watches); watches ticker => ( isa => 'Reflex::Interval', setup => { interval => 1, auto_repeat => 1 }, ); sub on_ticker_tick { print "tick at ", scalar(localtime), "...\n"; } } exit App->new()->run_all(); =head1 DESCRIPTION Reflex is a class library that assists with writing reactive (AKA event-driven) programs. Reflex uses Moose internally, but it doesn't enforce programs to use Moose's syntax. Those who enjoy Moose should find useful Reflex's comprehensive suite of reactive roles. Reflex is considered "reactive" because it's an implementation of the reactor pattern. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactor_pattern =head2 About Reactive Objects Reactive objects provide responses to interesting (to them) stimuli. For example, an object might be waiting for input from a client, a signal from an administrator, a particular time of day, and so on. The App object in the SYNOPSIS is waiting for timer tick events. It generates console messages in response to those events. =head2 Example Reactive Objects Here an Echoer class emits "pong" events in response to ping() commands. It uses Moose's extends(), but it could about as easily use warnings, strict, and base instead. Reflex::Base gets its emit() method from Reflex::Role::Reactive. package Echoer; use Moose; extends 'Reflex::Base'; sub ping { my ($self, $args) = @_; print "Echoer was pinged!\n"; $self->emit( -name => "pong" ); } The next object uses Echoer. It creates an Echoer and pings it to get started. It also reacts to "pong" events by pinging the Echoer again. Reflex::Trait::Watched (via its exported watches() declarative syntax) implicitly watches the object in echoer(), mapping its "pong" event to the on_echoer_pong() method. package Pinger; use Moose; extends 'Reflex::Base'; use Reflex::Trait::Watched qw(watches); watches echoer => ( isa => 'Echoer', default => sub { Echoer->new() }, ); sub BUILD { my $self = shift; $self->echoer->ping(); } sub on_echoer_pong { my $self = shift; print "Pinger got echoer's pong!\n"; $self->echoer->ping(); } Then the Pinger would be created and run. Pinger->new()->run_all(); A complete, runnable version of this example is in the distribution as eg/eg-37-ping-pong.pl. =head2 Coderef Callbacks Reflex supports any conceivable callback type, even the simple ones: plain old coderefs. You don't need to write objects to handle events. Here we'll start a periodic timer and handle its ticks with a simple callback. The program is still reactive. Every second it prints "timer ticked" in response Reflex::Interval's events. my $t = Reflex::Interval->new( interval => 1, auto_repeat => 1, on_tick => sub { say "timer ticked" }, ); $t->run_all(); A complete, runnable version of the above example is available as eg/eg-36-tiny-coderefs.pl in the distribution. =head2 Promises Instead of Callbacks Callback haters are not left out. Reflex objects may also be used as asynchronous event generators. The following example is identical in function to the previous coderef callback example, but it doesn't use callbacks at all. It may not be obvious that the same emit() method drives all of Reflex's forms of callback. The same Reflex::Interval class can be used in many different ways. use Reflex::Interval; my $t = Reflex::Interval->new( interval => 1, auto_repeat => 1, ); while (my $event = $t->next()) { say "next() returned an event (@$event)"; } =head1 PUBLIC METHODS Reflex itself contains some convenience methods for cleaner semantics. =head2 run_all Run all active Reflex objects until they destruct. # (Omitted: First you'll need to create some Reflex objects.) Reflex->run_all(); exit; =head1 BUNDLED MODULES AND DOCUMENTATION INDEX Reflex bundles a number of helpful base classes to get things started. =head2 Core Modules The basic modules upon which most everything else is built. =head3 Reflex - You're reading it! =head3 Reflex::Base - A base class for reactive (aka, event driven) objects. =head3 Reflex::Role - Define a new Reflex parameterized role. =head3 Reflex::Role::Reactive - Add non-blocking reactive behavior to a class. =head2 Callback Adapters Reflex provides adapters for nearly every kind of callback that exists, including condvar-like promises that allow Reflex objects to be used inline without callbacks at all. =head3 Reflex::Callback - A base class for callback adapters. =head3 Reflex::Callback::CodeRef - Implement plain coderef callbacks. =head3 Reflex::Callback::Method - Implement class and object method callbacks. =head3 Reflex::Callback::Promise - Return events procedurally rather than via callbacks. =head3 Reflex::Callbacks - Convenience functions to creating and use callbacks. =head2 POE Adapters POE provides over 400 modules for various useful things. Reflex can work with them using these adapters. =head3 Reflex::POE::Event - Communicate with POE components that expect command events. =head3 Reflex::POE::Postback - Communicate with POE components that respond via postbacks. =head3 Reflex::POE::Session - Communicate with POE components that expect to talk to POE sessions. =head3 Reflex::POE::Wheel - A generic POE::Wheel adapter to use them in Reflex. =head3 Reflex::POE::Wheel::Run - Adapt POE::Wheel::Run by wrapping it in a Reflex class. =head2 Object Collections It's often useful to manage collections of like-typed modules, such as connections or jobs. =head3 Reflex::Collection - Automatically manage a collection of collectible objects. =head3 Reflex::Role::Collectible - Allow objects to be managed by Reflex::Collection. =head3 Reflex::Sender - API to access the objects an event has passed through. =head2 I/O Event driven programs most often react to I/O of some sort. These modules provide reactive I/O support. =head3 Reflex::Acceptor - A non-blocking server (client socket acceptor). =head3 Reflex::Client - A non-blocking socket client. =head3 Reflex::Connector - A non-blocking client socket connector. =head3 Reflex::Role::Accepting - Add non-blocking connection accepting to a role. =head3 Reflex::Role::Connecting - Add non-blocking client connecting to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::InStreaming - Add non-blocking streaming input behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::OutStreaming - Add non-blocking streaming output behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Readable - Add non-blocking readable-watching behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Reading - Add standard non-blocking sysread() behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Recving - Add standard non-blocking send/recv behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Streaming - Add non-blocking streaming I/O behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Writable - Add non-blocking writable-watching behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Writing - Add standard non-blocking syswrite() behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Stream - A non-blocking, buffered and translated I/O stream. =head3 Reflex::UdpPeer - A base class for non-blocking UDP networking peers. =head2 Signals and Child Processes Modules that provide signal support, including SIGCHLD for child process management. =head3 Reflex::PID - A non-blocking SIGCHLD watcher for a specific process. =head3 Reflex::Role::PidCatcher - Add non-blocking SIGCHLD watching to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::SigCatcher - Add non-blocking signal handling behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Signal - A non-blocking signal watcher. =head2 Timers Timer management has been relatively overlooked so far. We'll get to it eventually, and you're welcome to help. =head3 Reflex::Interval - A non-blocking periodic interval timer. =head3 Reflex::Role::Interval - Add non-blocking periodic callbacks to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Timeout - Add non-blocking timeout timer behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Role::Wakeup - Add non-blocking wakeup alarm behavior to a class. =head3 Reflex::Timeout - A non-blocking single-shot delayed timer. =head3 Reflex::Wakeup - A non-blocking single-shot alarm for a specific time. =head2 Breadboarding Traits Reflex also implements signal/slot style object interaction, through emit() and watch() methods. These traits were inspired by Smalltalk's watchable object attributes. =head3 Reflex::Trait::EmitsOnChange - Cause a Moose attribute to emit() an event when it changes. =head3 Reflex::Trait::Observed - (Deprecated. See Reflex::Trait::Watched.) =head3 Reflex::Trait::Watched - Automatically watch a Reactive object stored in a Moose attribute. =head1 ASSISTANCE Thank you for volunteering to assist with this project. You can find like-minded people in a few places, in descending order of preference. Or, oh, wait, maybe you wanted assistance using it? We'll help you, too. :) See irc.perl.org #reflex for help with Reflex. See irc.perl.org #poe for help with POE and Reflex. See irc.perl.org #moose for help with Moose. Support is officially available from POE's mailing list as well. Send a blank message to L to join. The Reflex package also has helpful examples which may serve as a tutorial until Reflex is documented more. =head1 BUGS We appreciate your feedback, bug reports, feature requests, patches and kudos. You may enter them into our request tracker by following the instructions at L. We also accept e-mail at L. =head1 AUTHORS Rocco Caputo, RCAPUTO on CPAN. =head2 CONTRIBUTORS Reflex is open source, and we welcome involvement. Chris Fedde, CFEDDE on CPAN =over 2 =item * L =item * L =back =head1 TODO Please browse the source for the TODO marker. Some are visible in the documentation, and others are sprinlked around in the code's comments. Also see L in the distribution. This is a Vim Outliner file with the current roadmap and progress. Set up Dist::Zilla to reduce technical debt and make releasing code fun again. =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright 2009-2011 by Rocco Caputo. Reflex is free software. You may redistribute and/or modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. =head1 SEE ALSO Please see those modules/websites for more information related to this module. =over 4 =item * L, L, the Reflex and Reflexive namespaces on CPAN.|L, L, the Reflex and Reflexive namespaces on CPAN.> =item * L =item * L =back =head1 SUPPORT =head2 Perldoc You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command. perldoc Reflex =head2 Websites The following websites have more information about this module, and may be of help to you. As always, in addition to those websites please use your favorite search engine to discover more resources. =over 4 =item * MetaCPAN A modern, open-source CPAN search engine, useful to view POD in HTML format. L =item * Search CPAN The default CPAN search engine, useful to view POD in HTML format. L =item * RT: CPAN's Bug Tracker The RT ( Request Tracker ) website is the default bug/issue tracking system for CPAN. L =item * AnnoCPAN The AnnoCPAN is a website that allows community annotations of Perl module documentation. L =item * CPAN Ratings The CPAN Ratings is a website that allows community ratings and reviews of Perl modules. L =item * CPAN Forum The CPAN Forum is a web forum for discussing Perl modules. L =item * CPANTS The CPANTS is a website that analyzes the Kwalitee ( code metrics ) of a distribution. L =item * CPAN Testers The CPAN Testers is a network of smokers who run automated tests on uploaded CPAN distributions. L =item * CPAN Testers Matrix The CPAN Testers Matrix is a website that provides a visual overview of the test results for a distribution on various Perls/platforms. L =item * CPAN Testers Dependencies The CPAN Testers Dependencies is a website that shows a chart of the test results of all dependencies for a distribution. L =back =head2 Email You can email the author of this module at C asking for help with any problems you have. =head2 Internet Relay Chat You can get live help by using IRC ( Internet Relay Chat ). If you don't know what IRC is, please read this excellent guide: L. Please be courteous and patient when talking to us, as we might be busy or sleeping! You can join those networks/channels and get help: =over 4 =item * irc.perl.org You can connect to the server at 'irc.perl.org' and join this channel: #reflex to get help. =back =head2 Bugs / Feature Requests Please report any bugs or feature requests by email to C, or through the web interface at L. You will be automatically notified of any progress on the request by the system. =head2 Source Code The code is open to the world, and available for you to hack on. Please feel free to browse it and play with it, or whatever. If you want to contribute patches, please send me a diff or prod me to pull from your repository :) L git clone git://github.com/rcaputo/reflex.git =head1 BUGS AND LIMITATIONS You can make new bug reports, and view existing ones, through the web interface at L. =head1 AUTHOR Rocco Caputo =head1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS irc.perl.org channel L<#moose|irc://irc.perl.org/moose> and L<#poe|irc://irc.perl.org/poe>. The former for assisting in learning their fine libraries, sometimes against everyone's better judgement. The latter for putting up with lengthy and sometimes irrelevant design discussion for oh so long. =head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE This software is copyright (c) 2012 by Rocco Caputo. This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself. =head1 AVAILABILITY The latest version of this module is available from the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (CPAN). Visit L to find a CPAN site near you, or see L. =head1 DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY BECAUSE THIS SOFTWARE IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE SOFTWARE, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE SOFTWARE "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE SOFTWARE PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR, OR CORRECTION. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE SOFTWARE AS PERMITTED BY THE ABOVE LICENCE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE SOFTWARE (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE SOFTWARE TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER SOFTWARE), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. =cut __END__