#!/usr/bin/perl

=head1 NAME

create-icpropagation.pl - This program determines the probability 
of the CUIs in a specified set of sources and relations. 

=head1 SYNOPSIS

This program determines the probability of the CUIs in a 
specified set of sources and relations.

=head1 USAGE

Usage: create-icpropagation.pl [OPTIONS] OUTPUTFILE ICFREQUENCY_FILE


=head2 OUTPUTFILE

File in which the probability of the CUIs will be stored. 

The ouput file containing the probability of the CUIs has the 
following format: 

    SMOOTH :: <0|1>
    SAB :: (include|exclude) <sources>
    REL :: (include|exclude) <relations>
    N :: NUMBER
    REL :: <relations>
    RELA :: <relas>  <- if any are specified in the config
    CUI<>probability
    CUI<>probability
    ...

=head2 ICFREQUENCY FILE

File containing the icfrequency counts

The input file contains frequency counts for CUIs in the following 
format: 

    SAB :: (include|exclude) <sources>
    REL :: (include|exclude) <relations>
    N :: NUMBER
    CUI<>freq
    CUI<>freq
    ...

N is the total number of ngrams that occurred in the text used to 
create the icfrequency file. 

=head2 Optional Arguments:

=head3 --st

This outputs the probability of the concepts semantic types 
rather than the concepts themselves. The frequencies for the 
st are propagated up the semantic network and therefore are 
source independent. Note, that the semantic types are expected 
in the icfrequency input file. This can be created using the 
create-icfrequency.pl program with the --st option. 

If you are erroring out due to the header information on the 
top of the icfrequency file, try using the --disregard option.

=head3 --smooth 

Incorporate Laplace smoothing, where the frequency count of each of the 
concepts in the taxonomy is incremented by one. The advantage of 
doing this is that it avoides having a concept that has a probability 
of zero. The disadvantage is that it can shift the overall probability 
mass of the concepts from what is actually seen in the corpus. 

=head3 --config FILE

This is the configuration file. The format of the configuration 
file is as follows:

SAB :: <include|exclude> <source1, source2, ... sourceN>

REL :: <include|exclude> <relation1, relation2, ... relationN>

For example, if we wanted to use the MSH vocabulary with only 
the RB/RN relations, the configuration file would be:

SAB :: include MSH
REL :: include RB, RN

or 

SAB :: include MSH
REL :: exclude PAR, CHD

If you go to the configuration file directory, there will 
be example configuration files for the different runs that 
you have performed.

Note: You can use relations other than PAR/CHD and RB/RN for propagation 
but we do not recommend it. The PAR/CHD and RB/RN relations are considered 
the heirarchical relations in the UMLS which is required for propagation to 
perform correctly.

=head3 --disregard

This ignores the SAB configuration that the icfrequency 
file was created with

=head3 --precision N

Displays values upto N places of decimal.

=head3 --username STRING

Username is required to access the umls database on MySql

=head3 --password STRING

Password is required to access the umls database on MySql

=head3 --hostname STRING

Hostname where mysql is located. DEFAULT: localhost

=head3 --database STRING        

Database contain UMLS DEFAULT: umls

=head3 --debug

Sets the UMLS-Interface debug flag on for testing

=head3 --help

Displays the quick summary of program options.

=head3 --version

Displays the version information.

=head1 PROPAGATION

The Information Content (IC) is  defined as the negative log 
of the probability of a concept. 

The probability of a concept, c, is determine by summing the 
probability of the concept (P(c)) ocurring in some text plus 
the probability its decendants (P(d)) occuring in some text 
as see in below:

  P(c*) = P(c) + \sum_{d\exists decendant(c)} P(d)


The initial probability of a concept (P(c)) and its decendants 
(P(d)) is obtained by dividing the number of times a concept is 
seen in the corpus (freq(d)) by the total number of concepts (N) 
as seen below:

  P(d) = freq(d) / N

Not all of the concepts in the taxonomy will be seen in the corpus. 
The package includes the option of using Laplace smoothing, where the 
frequency count of each of the concepts in the taxonomy is incremented 
by one. The advantage of doing this is that it avoides having a concept 
that has a probability of zero. The disadvantage is that it can shift 
the overall probability mass of the concepts from what is actually 
seen in the corpus. 


For more information on how this is calculated please see 
the README file. 

=head1 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

=over

=item * Perl (version 5.8.5 or better) - http://www.perl.org

=item * UMLS::Interface - http://search.cpan.org/dist/UMLS-Interface

=item * UMLS::Similarity - http://search.cpan.org/dist/UMLS-Similarity

=item * Text::NSP - http://search.cpan.org/dist/Text-NSP

=item * MetaMap - http://mmtx.nlm.nih.gov/

=back

=head1 CONTACT US

  If you have any trouble installing and using CreatePropagationFile, 
  please contact us via the users mailing list :
    
      umls-similarity@yahoogroups.com
     
  You can join this group by going to:
    
      http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/umls-similarity/
     
  You may also contact us directly if you prefer :
    
      Bridget T. McInnes: bthomson at cs.umn.edu 

      Ted Pedersen : tpederse at d.umn.edu

=head1 AUTHOR

 Bridget T. McInnes, University of Minnesota

=head1 COPYRIGHT

Copyright (c) 2007-2011,

 Bridget T. McInnes, University of Minnesota
 bthomson at cs.umn.edu
    
 Ted Pedersen, University of Minnesota Duluth
 tpederse at d.umn.edu


 Siddharth Patwardhan, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
 sidd@cs.utah.edu
 
 Serguei Pakhomov, University of Minnesota Twin Cities
 pakh0002@umn.edu

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later
version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
this program; if not, write to:

 The Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
 Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.

=cut

###############################################################################

#                               THE CODE STARTS HERE
###############################################################################

#                           ================================
#                            COMMAND LINE OPTIONS AND USAGE
#                           ================================

use UMLS::Interface;
use Getopt::Long;
use File::Path;

eval(GetOptions( "version", "help", "username=s", "password=s", "hostname=s", "database=s", "socket=s", "config=s", "debug", "t", "precision=s", "smooth", "disregard", "st")) or die ("Please check the above mentioned option(s).\n");


#  if help is defined, print out help
if( defined $opt_help ) {
    $opt_help = 1;
    &showHelp();
    exit;
}

#  if version is requested, show version
if( defined $opt_version ) {
    $opt_version = 1;
    &showVersion();
    exit;
}

# At least 2 terms should be given on the command line.
if( scalar(@ARGV) < 2) { 
    print STDERR "At least 2 files should be specified on the command line.\n";
    &minimalUsageNotes();
    exit;
}

#  get the input and output files
my $outputfile = shift;
my $inputfile = shift;

# check to see if output file exists, and if so, if we should overwrite...
if ( -e $outputfile )
{
    print "Output file $outputfile already exists! Overwrite (Y/N)? ";
    $reply = <STDIN>;
    chomp $reply;
    $reply = uc $reply;
    exit 0 if ($reply ne "Y");
}

#  initialize variables
my $database    = "";
my $hostname    = "";
my $socket      = "";    
my $umls        = "";
my $floatformat = "";
my $smooth      = 0;

#  check the options 
&checkOptions       ();
&setOptions         ();

#  load the UMLS
&loadUMLS           ();

my $sabstring  = $umls->getSabString();
my $relstring  = $umls->getRelString();
my $relastring = $umls->getRelaString();

#  check parameters
&checkParameters($inputfile);

#  get the frequency counts
my $cuiHash = &getFileCounts($inputfile);

#  set the information content parameters
 
#  propagate the counts
my $propagationHash = "";
my $N = "";
if(defined $opt_st) { 

    #  if defined smoothing set the smoothing parameter
    if(defined $opt_smooth) { 
	$umls->setStSmoothing();
    }

    #  propagate the semantic type counts 
    $propagationHash = $umls->propagateStCounts($cuiHash); 
    
    #  get the total number of semantic types in the frequency file
    $N = $umls->getStN();
}
else {  
    
    #  set the propagation parameters
    my %params = ();
    if(defined $opt_smooth) { $params{"smooth"} = 1; }
    $umls->setPropagationParameters(\%params);
    
    #  propagate the counts
    $propagationHash = $umls->propagateCounts($cuiHash);  
    
    #  get the total number of CUIs in the frequency file
    $N = $umls->getN();
}

#  print out the propagation counts
open(OUTPUT, ">$outputfile") || die "Could not open $outputfile\n";
print OUTPUT "SMOOTH: $smooth\n";
print OUTPUT "$sabstring\n";
print OUTPUT "$relstring\n";
if($relastring ne "") { 
    print OUTPUT "$relastring\n";
}
print OUTPUT "N :: $N\n";
foreach my $cui (sort keys %{$propagationHash}) {
    my $freq = ${$propagationHash}{$cui};

    #  check if precision needs to be set
    if(defined $opt_precision) {
	$freq = sprintf $floatformat, $freq;
    }
    
    print OUTPUT "$cui<>$freq\n";
}
close OUTPUT;

sub checkParameters {
    #  get the frequency file
    my $file = shift;
    
    #  open the file to get the parameters
    open(FILE, $file) || die "Could not open --icfrequency file : $file\n";

    #  check to make certain the source/relations are correct
    my $fsabstring  = <FILE>; chomp $fsabstring;
    my $frelstring  = <FILE>; chomp $frelstring;
    my $frelastring = <FILE>; chomp $frelastring;

    #  check if rela is actually specified
    if($frelastring=~/N\s*\:\:/) { $frelastring = ""; }

    if(!$opt_disregard) {
	#   check the sources
	if(! ($umls->checkParameters($fsabstring, $sabstring)) ) {
	    print STDERR "The icfrequency file was created using the following configuration:\n";
	    print STDERR "    $fsabstring\n";
	    print STDERR "Please modify your configuration file.\n\n";
	    exit;
	}
	#  check the relations
	if(! ($umls->checkParameters($frelstring, $relstring)) ) {
	    print STDERR "The icfrequency file was created using the following configuration:\n";
	    print STDERR "    $frelstring\n";
	    print STDERR "Please modify your configuration file.\n\n";
	    exit;
	}
	#  check the relas if we have them - this on is optional
	if($frelastring=~/(include|exclude)/ || $relastring=~/(include|exclude)/) { 
	    if(! ($umls->checkParameters($frelastring, $relastring)) ) {
		if($frelastring ne "") { 
		    print STDERR "The icfrequency file was created using the following configuration:\n";
		    print STDERR "    $frelastring\n";
		}
		else {
		    print STDERR "The icfrequency file was not created using the following configuration:\n";
		    print STDERR "    $relastring\n";
		}		
		print STDERR "Please modify your configuration file.\n\n";
		exit;
	    }
	}
    }

    #  check to make certain the relations used are allowed
    #  propagation is set to only work for the PAR, CHD, RB and RN relations
    if(! ($umls->checkHierarchicalRelations($frelstring)) ) {
	print STDERR "The icfrequency file was created using the following configuration:\n";
	print STDERR "    $frelstring\n";
	print STDERR "Propagation is set only to work for the PAR, CHD, RB and RN relations.\n\n";
	exit;
    }
    
    close FILE;
}    
sub getFileCounts {
    
    my $file = shift;
    
    #  open the file
    open(FILE, $file) || die "Could not open --icfrequency file : $file\n";

    #  get the frequency counts
    my %hash = ();
    while(<FILE>) {
	chomp;
	
        #  remove the headers
	if($_=~/(include|exclude)/) { next; }
	if($_=~/N\s*\:\:/) { next; }
	
	#  get the cui and the frequency
	my ($cui, $freq) = split/<>/;

	#  add tot he hash
	if(exists $cuiHash{$cui}) { 
	    $hash{$cui} += $freq; 
	}
	else {
	    $hash{$cui} = $freq; 
	}
    }
    close FILE;
    
    return \%hash;
}

sub timeStamp {
    my ($stamp);
    my ($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year,$wday,$yday,$isdst) = localtime(time);
    
    $year += 1900;
    $mon++;
    $d = sprintf("%4d%2.2d%2.2d",$year,$mon,$mday);
    $t = sprintf("%2.2d%2.2d%2.2d",$hour,$min,$sec);
    
    $stamp = $d . $t;
    return($stamp);
}

#  checks the user input options
sub checkOptions {

    if( (defined  $opt_username && !defined $opt_password) || 
	(!defined $opt_username && defined  $opt_password) ) {
	print STDERR "The --username and --password options\n";
	print STDERR "must both be specified if you are using\n";
	print STDERR "one of them.\n\n";
	&minimalUsageNotes();
	exit;
    }	


    if(defined $opt_precision) {
	if ($opt_precision !~ /^\d+$/) {
	    print STDERR "Value for switch --precision should be integer >= 0\n";
	    &minimalUsageNotes();
	    exit;
	}

    }
}

#  set user input and default options
sub setOptions {

    if($debug) { print STDERR "In setOptions\n"; }

    my $default = "";
    my $set     = "";

    #  check config file
    if(defined $opt_config) {
	$config = $opt_config;
	$set .= "  --config $config\n";
    }

    if(defined $opt_disregard) { 
	$set .= "  --disregard\n";
    }

    if(defined $opt_smooth) {
	$set .= "  --smooth\n";
	$smooth = 1;
    }

    if(defined $opt_st) {
	$set .= "  --st\n";
    }
	
    #  set databasee options
    if(defined $opt_username) {

	if(defined $opt_username) {
	    $set     .= "  --username $opt_username\n";
	}
	if(defined $opt_password) {
	    $set     .= "  --password XXXXXXX\n";
	}
	if(defined $opt_database) {
	    $database = $opt_database;
	    $set     .= "  --database $database\n";
	}
	else {
	    $database = "umls";
	    $default .= "  --database $database\n";
	}

	if(defined $opt_hostname) {
	    $hostname = $opt_hostname;
	    $set     .= "  --hostname $hostname\n";
	}
	else {
	    $hostname = "localhost";
	    $default .= "  --hostname $hostname\n";
	}
	
	if(defined $opt_socket) {
	    $socket = $opt_socket;
	    $set   .= "  --socket $socket\n";
	}
	else {
	    $socket   = "/tmp/mysql.sock\n";
	    $default .= "  --socket $socket\n";
	}
    }
    
    if(defined $opt_precision) {

	# create the floating point conversion format as required by sprintf!
	$floatformat = join '', '%', '.', $opt_precision, 'f';
       
	#  set the output information
	$set .= "  --precision $opt_precision";	
    } 
    
        
    if(defined $opt_debug) { 
	$set .= "  --debug\n";
    }

    #  check settings
    if($default eq "") { $default = "  No default settings\n"; }
    if($set     eq "") { $set     = "  No user defined settings\n"; }

    #  print options
    print STDERR "Default Settings:\n";
    print STDERR "$default\n";
    
    print STDERR "User Settings:\n";
    print STDERR "$set\n";
}

#  load the UMLS
sub loadUMLS {
 
    if(defined $opt_t) { 
	$option_hash{"t"} = 1;
    }
    if(defined $opt_config) {
	$option_hash{"config"} = $opt_config;
    }
    if(defined $opt_debug) {
	$option_hash{"debug"} = $opt_debug;
    }
    if(defined $opt_username and defined $opt_password) {
	$option_hash{"driver"}   = "mysql";
	$option_hash{"database"} = $database;
	$option_hash{"username"} = $opt_username;
	$option_hash{"password"} = $opt_password;
	$option_hash{"hostname"} = $hostname;
	$option_hash{"socket"}   = $socket;
    }
    
    $option_hash{"realtime"} = 1;

    $umls = UMLS::Interface->new(\%option_hash); 
    die "Unable to create UMLS::Interface object.\n" if(!$umls);
}

##############################################################################
#  function to output minimal usage notes
##############################################################################
sub minimalUsageNotes {
    
    print "Usage: create-icpropagation.pl [OPTIONS] OUTPUTFILE ICFREQUENCY_FILE\n";
    &askHelp();
    exit;
}

##############################################################################
#  function to output help messages for this program
##############################################################################
sub showHelp() {
        
    print "This is a utility that takes as input an output and input\n";
    print "file and determines the propagation counts of the CUIs in\n";
    print "a specified set of sources and relation using the frequency\n";
    print "information from the inputfile\n\n";
  
    print "Usage: create-icpropagation.pl [OPTIONS] OUTPUTFILE INPUTFILE\n\n";

    print "Options:\n\n";

    print "--config FILE            Configuration file\n\n";

    print "--st                     Outputs the probability of the semantic\n";
    print "                         types in the icfrequency file.\n\n";

    print "--smooth                 Incorporate LaPlace smoothing\n\n";

    print "--precision N            Displays values upto N places of decimal.\n\n";
    print "--username STRING        Username required to access mysql\n\n";

    print "--password STRING        Password required to access mysql\n\n";

    print "--hostname STRING        Hostname for mysql (DEFAULT: localhost)\n\n";

    print "--database STRING        Database contain UMLS (DEFAULT: umls)\n\n";

    print "--debug                  Sets the UMLS-Interface debug flag on\n";
    print "                         for testing purposes\n\n";

    print "--version                Prints the version number\n\n";
    
    print "--help                   Prints this help message.\n\n";
}

##############################################################################
#  function to output the version number
##############################################################################
sub showVersion {
    print '$Id: create-icpropagation.pl,v 1.12 2011/05/20 13:23:56 btmcinnes Exp $';
    print "\nCopyright (c) 2008-2011, Ted Pedersen & Bridget McInnes\n";
}

##############################################################################
#  function to output "ask for help" message when user's goofed
##############################################################################
sub askHelp {
    print STDERR "Type create-icpropagation.pl --help for help.\n";
}