package Baseball::Sabermetrics;

use Baseball::Sabermetrics::Team;
use Baseball::Sabermetrics::Player;
use strict;
use warnings;
use base qw/ Baseball::Sabermetrics::Team /;

=head1 NAME

Baseball::Sabermetrics - A Baseball Statistics Module

=cut

our $VERSION = '0.03';

=head1 SYNOPSIS

Baseball::Sabermetrics provides an easy interface for calculating baseball statistics, given a data importer.  In this package, I've written CPBL.pm for (I<Chinese Professional Baseball League>, L<http://www.cpbl.com.tw>).

  use Baseball::Sabermetrics;
  use Baseball::Sabermetrics::CPBL;

  my $league = Baseball::Sabermetrics->new(league => 'CPBL');

  # Actually these are predefined.
  # Those data with 'p_' or '_allowed' here are for seperating pitchers
  # and batters.

  $league->define(
      rc => 'ab * obp',
      babip => '(h_allowed - hr_allowed) / (p_pa - h_allowed - p_so - p_bb - hr_allowed',
      # what started with '$' will be reserved.
      # Players have team and league predefined, and team has league.
      formula1 => 'hr / $_->team->hr';
      formula2 => 'hr / $_->league->hr';
      complex => sub {
	    print "You can write a sub directly\n";
	    $_->slg - $_->ba;
      },
      ...
  );

  # Some formulas can be applied to players, teams, and league, depend on what
  # columns are used in the formula.  For example, ab and obp are defined for
  # players, teams, and league, so that rc is available for all of them.

  # top 5 obp of teams
  $_->print qw/ team name ba obp slg isop / for $league->top('teams', 5, 'obp');

  # top 10 obp of players
  $_->print qw/ team name ba obp slg isop / for $league->top('players', 10, 'obp');

  # show a player's information
  $league->players('Chien-Ming Wang')->print qw/ win lose ip so bb whip go_ao /;
  $league->teams('Yankees')->players('Chien-Ming Wang')->print qw/ win lose ip so bb whip go_ao /;

  # show team statistics data (accumulated from players')
  $league->{Yankees}->print qw/ win lose ip so bb whip go_ao /;

  # give a brief report for pitchers/batters of the team
  $league->{Yankees}->report_pitchers qw/ name ip p_so p_bb whip go_ab /;
  $league->{Yankees}->report_batters  qw/ name ba obp slg isop /;

  $league->report_teams qw/ name win lose era obp /;

  # show all available formula
  print join ' ', $league->formula_list;

=head1 Data Structure

Baseball::Sabermetrics is aimed for providing a base class of your interested teams (a league, for example).  You'll need to provide a data retriever to pull data out.  The following example shows how you have to fill data into this structure.

 $league = {
    teams => {
	Yankees => {
	    players => {
		"Chien-Ming Wang" => {
		    bio => {
			bats => 'right', # coule be left, switch
			throws => 'right',
		    },
		    ip => 57.33333333333,
	     	    game => 9,
		       ...
		    fielding => {
			p => {
			    tc => 43,
			    pop => 4,
			    ...
			},
			# b1 => { }, b2 => { }, b3 => { },
			# first, second and thrid baseman should be
			# b1, b2, and b3 respectively for convenient in
			# fielding context.  Because the initial of the
			# name of subroutine can't be a number in perl.
		    },
		};
		...
	    }
	},
	Athletics => {
	    ...
	},
    },
 };

=head1 TERMS

Available terms of players (including teams and league, which are accumulated from players and could be treated as an abstract player) are:

    # pitching
    p_game win lose tie gs sv bs hld cg sho ip p_pa np h_allowed
    hr_allowed sh_allowed sf_allowed p_bb p_ibb hb p_so wp bk ra er

    # batting
    pa ab rbi r h 1b 2b 3b hr tb dp sh sf ibb bb hbp so sb cs
    tc po a e f_dp ppo tp pb c_cs c_sb

    # fielding
    pos fgame tc po a e f_dp tp pb c_cs c_sb

And there are additional terms for team:

    game win lose tie


=head1 FUNCTIONS

=over 4

=item new([I<%hash>])

Create sabermetric data set of a group of teams.  The following keys are supported:

=over 8

league:
a string like 'CPBL', which is a module and has to be defined in Baseball::Sabermetrics::League::CPBL.

data:
If your league is not exists there, you can feed in a structure mentioned above.

Accumulate:
If $hash{Accumulate} is false, players data will not be accumulated to their teams and the league (and therefore team-wise and league-wise statistics are not allowed).  Default is to accumulate stats.

=back

=cut

sub new
{
    my ($class, %config) = @_;
    my $self;
    
    if (exists $config{data}) {
	$self = $config{data};
    }
    elsif (exists $config{league}) {
	eval "require Baseball::Sabermetrics::League::$config{league}; \$self = Baseball::Sabermetrics::League::$config{league}->new(\%config);";
	die unless $self;
    }
    else {
	die "You have to provide statistic data";
    }

    bless $self, $class;

    if (exists $config{Accumulate} && !$config{Accumulate}) {
	$self->{_DontAccumulate} = 1;
    }

    for my $team (values %{$self->{teams}}) {
	$team = Baseball::Sabermetrics::Team->new($team);
	$team->{league} = $self;
	for my $p (values %{$team->{players}}) {
	    $p = Baseball::Sabermetrics::Player->new($p);
	    $p->{team} = $team;
	    $p->{league} = $self;
	}
    }

    setup_common_info($self);

    return $self;
}

sub player_accumulate_term
{
    # picher and batter's game is the same here, could be a problem later?
    return qw/  p_game win lose tie gs sv bs hld cg sho ip p_pa np h_allowed
		hr_allowed sh_allowed sf_allowed p_bb p_ibb hb p_so wp bk ra er
		pa ab rbi r h 1b 2b 3b hr tb dp sh sf ibb bb hbp so sb cs
		tc po a e f_dp ppo tp pb c_cs c_sb /;
}

sub fielding_accumulate_term
{
    return qw/ pos fgame tc po a e f_dp tp pb c_cs c_sb /;
}

sub team_accumulate_term
{
    return qw/ game win lose tie /;
}

sub setup_common_info
{
    my $league = shift;
    $league->{fielding} = Baseball::Sabermetrics::Team->new();
    for (qw/ p c b1 b2 b3 ss lf cf rf of /) {
	$league->{fielding}->{$_} = Baseball::Sabermetrics::Player->new();
    }

    for my $tname (keys %{$league->{teams}}) {
	my $team = $league->{teams}->{$tname};
	$team->{name} = $tname;
	unless (exists $league->{_DontAccumulate}) {
    	    $team->{fielding} = Baseball::Sabermetrics::Team->new();
	    for (qw/ p c b1 b2 b3 ss lf cf rf of /) {
		$team->{fielding}->{$_} = Baseball::Sabermetrics::Player->new();
	    }

	    no warnings; # FIXME
	    for my $name (keys %{$team->{players}}) {
		my $p = $team->{players}->{$name};
		$p->{name} = $name;
		for (player_accumulate_term()) {
		    $league->{$_} += $p->{$_};
		    $team->{$_} += $p->{$_};
		}
	    }
	    for my $p (values %{$team->{players}}) {
		for my $pos (keys %{$p->{fielding}}) {
		    for (fielding_accumulate_term()) {
			$team->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_} += $p->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_};
			$league->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_} += $p->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_};
		    }

		    if ($pos eq 'lf' or $pos eq 'cf' or $pos eq 'rf') {
			for (fielding_accumulate_term()) {
			    $p->{fielding}->{of}->{$_} += $p->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_};
			}
		    }
		}
	    }

	    for my $pos (qw/ lf cf rf /) {
		for (fielding_accumulate_term()) {
		    $league->{fielding}->{of}->{$_} += $team->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_};
		    $team->{fielding}->{of}->{$_} += $team->{fielding}->{$pos}->{$_};
		}
	    }

	    for (team_accumulate_term()) {
		$league->{$_} += $team->{$_};
	    }
	}
	$league->{players}->{$_} = $team->{players}->{$_} for (keys %{$team->{players}});
    }
    delete $league->{_DontAccumulate};
}

=item players([$name])

    for ($league->players) { ... }
    # or specify the name for the player
    print $league->players('Someone')->obp;

=cut

sub players
{
    my ($self, $name) = @_;
    if ($name) {
	die "Player not found: $name\n" unless exists $self->{players}->{$name};
	return $self->{players}->{$name};
    }
    return values %{$self->{players}};
}

=item teams([$name])

    for ($league->teams) { ... }
    # or specify the name for the team
    print $league->teams('Someone')->win;

=cut

sub teams
{
    my ($self, $name) = @_;
    if ($name) {
	die "Team not found: $name\n" unless exists $self->{teams}->{$name};
	return $self->{teams}->{$name};
    }
    return values %{$self->{teams}};
}

sub report_teams
{
    my ($self, @cols) = @_;
    print join("\t", @cols), "\n";
    for ($self->teams) {
	$_->print(@cols);
    }
}

=item pitchers

Return all pitchers, i.e., NP (Number of Pitches) > 0.

=item batters

Return all batters, i.e., PA (Plate Appearances) > 0.

=back

=cut


=head1 AUTHOR

Victor Hsieh, C<< <victor at cpan.org> >>

=head1 BUGS

Please report any bugs or feature requests to
C<bug-sabermetrics at rt.cpan.org>, or through the web interface at
L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/ReportBug.html?Queue=BaseBall-Sabermetrics>.
I will be notified, and then you'll automatically be notified of progress on
your bug as I make changes.

=head1 SUPPORT

You can find documentation for this module with the perldoc command.

    perldoc Baseball::Sabermetrics

You can also look for information at:

=over 4

=item * AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation

L<http://annocpan.org/dist/Baseball-Sabermetrics>

=item * CPAN Ratings

L<http://cpanratings.perl.org/d/Baseball-Sabermetrics>

=item * RT: CPAN's request tracker

L<http://rt.cpan.org/NoAuth/Bugs.html?Dist=Baseball-Sabermetrics>

=item * Search CPAN

L<http://search.cpan.org/dist/Baseball-Sabermetrics>

=back

=head1 COPYRIGHT & LICENSE

Copyright 2006 Victor Hsieh, all rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.

=cut

1; # End of Baseball::Sabermetrics