NAME
Config::IniFiles - A module for reading .ini-style configuration files.
SYNOPSIS
use Config::IniFiles;
my $cfg = new Config::IniFiles( -file => "/path/configfile.ini" );
print "We have parm " . $cfg->val( 'Section', 'Parameter' ) . "."
if $cfg->val( 'Section', 'Parameter' );
DESCRIPTION
Config::IniFiles provides a way to have readable configuration files
outside your Perl script. Configurations can be imported (inherited,
stacked,...), sections can be grouped, and settings can be accessed from
a tied hash.
FILE FORMAT
INI files consist of a number of sections, each preceded with the
section name in square brackets. The first non-blank character of the
line indicating a section must be a left bracket and the last nonblank
character of a line indicating a section must be a right bracket. The
characters making up the section name can be any symbols at all. However
section names must be unique.
Parameters are specified in each section as Name=Value. Any spaces
around the equals sign will be ignored, and the value extends to the end
of the line. Parameter names are localized to the namespace of the
section, but must be unique within a section.
[section]
Parameter=Value
Both the hash mark (#) and the semicolon (;) are comment characters.
Lines that begin with either of these characters will be ignored. Any
amount of whitespace may preceed the comment character.
Multiline or multi-valued parameters may also be defined ala UNIX "here
document" syntax:
Parameter=<<EOT
value/line 1
value/line 2
EOT
You may use any string you want in place of "EOT". Note that what
follows the "<<" and what appears at the end of the text MUST match
exactly, including any trailing whitespace.
USAGE -- Object Interface
Get a new Config::IniFiles object with the *new* method:
$cfg = Config::IniFiles->new( -file => "/path/configfile.ini" );
$cfg = new Config::IniFiles -file => "/path/configfile.ini";
Optional named parameters may be specified after the configuration file
name. See the *new* in the METHODS section, below.
Values from the config file are fetched with the val method:
$value = $cfg->val('Section', 'Parameter');
If you want a multi-line/value field returned as an array, just specify
an array as the receiver:
@values = $cfg->val('Section', 'Parameter');
METHODS
new ( [-option=>value ...] )
Returns a new configuration object (or "undef" if the configuration file
has an error). One Config::IniFiles object is required per configuration
file. The following named parameters are available:
*-file* filename
Specifies a file to load the parameters from. This 'file' may
actually be any of the following things:
1) a simple filehandle, such as STDIN
2) a filehandle glob, such as *CONFIG
3) a reference to a glob, such as \*CONFIG
4) an IO::File object
5) the pathname of a file
If this option is not specified, (i.e. you are creating a
config file from scratch) you must specify a target file using
SetFileName in order to save the parameters.
*-default* section
Specifies a section to be used for default values. For
example, if you look up the "permissions" parameter in the
"users" section, but there is none, Config::IniFiles will look
to your default section for a "permissions" value before
returning undef.
*-reloadwarn* 0|1
Set -reloadwarn => 1 to enable a warning message (output to
STDERR) whenever the config file is reloaded. The reload
message is of the form:
PID <PID> reloading config file <file> at YYYY.MM.DD HH:MM:SS
Default behavior is to not warn (i.e. -reloadwarn => 0).
*-nocase* 0|1
Set -nocase => 1 to handle the config file in a
case-insensitive manner (case in values is preserved,
however). By default, config files are case-sensitive (i.e., a
section named 'Test' is not the same as a section named
'test'). Note that there is an added overhead for turning off
case sensitivity.
*-import* object
This allows you to import or inherit existing setting from
another Config::IniFiles object. When importing settings from
another object, sections with the same name will be merged and
parameters that are defined in both the imported object and
the *-file* will take the value of given in the *-file*.
If a *-default* section is also given on this call, and it
does not coincide with the default of the imported object, the
new default section will be used instead. If no *-default*
section is given, then the default of the imported object will
be used.
val ($section, $parameter)
Returns the value of the specified parameter ("$parameter") in section
"$section", returns undef if no section or no parameter for the given
section section exists.
If you want a multi-line/value field returned as an array, just specify
an array as the receiver:
@values = $cfg->val('Section', 'Parameter');
setval ($section, $parameter, $value, [ $value2, ... ])
Sets the value of parameter "$parameter" in section "$section" to
"$value" (or to a set of values). See below for methods to write the new
configuration back out to a file.
You may not set a parameter that didn't exist in the original
configuration file. setval will return *undef* if this is attempted. See
newval below to do this. Otherwise, it returns 1.
newval($section, $parameter, $value [, $value2, ...])
Assignes a new value, "$value" (or set of values) to the parameter
"$parameter" in section "$section" in the configuration file.
delval($section, $parameter)
Deletes the specified parameter from the configuration file
ReadConfig
Forces the configuration file to be re-read. Returns undef if the file
can not be opened, no filename was defined (with the "-file" option)
when the object was constructed, or an error occurred while reading.
If an error occurs while parsinf the INI file the
@Config::IniFiles::errors array will contain messages that might help
you figure out where the problem is in the file.
Sections
Returns an array containing section names in the configuration file. If
the *nocase* option was turned on when the config object was created,
the section names will be returned in lowercase.
SectionExists ( $sect_name )
Returns 1 if the specified section exists in the INI file, 0 otherwise
(undefined if section_name is not defined).
AddSection ( $sect_name )
Ensures that the named section exists in the INI file. If the section
already exists, nothing is done. In this case, the "new" section will
possibly contain data already.
If you really need to have a new section with no parameters in it, check
that the name that you're adding isn't in the list of sections already.
DeleteSection ( $sect_name )
Completely removes the entire section from the configuration.
Parameters ($sect_name)
Returns an array containing the parameters contained in the specified
section.
Groups
Returns an array containing the names of available groups.
Groups are specified in the config file as new sections of the form
[GroupName MemberName]
This is useful for building up lists. Note that parameters within a
"member" section are referenced normally (i.e., the section name is
still "Groupname Membername", including the space) - the concept of
Groups is to aid people building more complex configuration files.
SetGroupMember ( $sect )
Makes sure that the specified section is a member of the appropriate
group.
Only intended for use in newval.
RemoveGroupMember ( $sect )
Makes sure that the specified section is no longer a member of the
appropriate group. Only intended for use in DeleteSection.
GroupMembers ($group)
Returns an array containing the members of specified $group. Each
element of the array is a section name. For example, given the sections
[Group Element 1]
...
[Group Element 2]
...
GroupMembers would return ("Group Element 1", "Group Element 2").
WriteConfig ($filename)
Writes out a new copy of the configuration file. A temporary file
(ending in .new) is written out and then renamed to the specified
filename. Also see BUGS below.
RewriteConfig
Same as WriteConfig, but specifies that the original configuration file
should be rewritten.
SetFileName ($filename)
If you created the Config::IniFiles object without initialising from a
file, or if you just want to change the name of the file to use for
ReadConfig/RewriteConfig from now on, use this method.
Returns $filename if that was a valid name, undef otherwise.
SetSectionComment($section, @comment)
Sets the comment for section $section to the lines contained in
@comment. Each comment line will be prepended with "#" if it doesn't
already have a comment character (ie: if $line !~ m/^\s*[#;]/)
To clear a section comment, use DeleteSectionComment ($section)
GetSectionComment ($section)
Returns a list of lines, being the comment attached to section $section.
In scalar context, returns a string containing the lines of the comment
separated by newlines.
The lines are presented as-is, with whatever comment character was
originally used on that line.
DeleteSectionComment ($section)
Removes the comment for the specified section.
SetParameterComment ($section, $parameter, @comment)
Sets the comment attached to a particular parameter.
Any line of @comment that does not have a comment character will be
prepended with "#".
GetParameterComment ($sect, $parm)
Gets the comment attached to a parameter.
DeleteParameterComment ($sect, $parm)
Deletes the comment attached to a parameter.
GetParameterEOT ($section, $parameter)
Accessor method for the EOT text (in fact, style) of the specified
parameter. If any text is used as an EOT mark, this will be returned. If
the parameter was not recorded using HERE style multiple lines,
GetParameterEOT returns undef.
SetParameterEOT ($section, $EOT)
Accessor method for the EOT text for the specified parameter. Sets the
HERE style marker text to the value $EOT. Once the EOT text is set, that
parameter will be saved in HERE style.
To un-set the EOT text, use DeleteParameterEOT ($section, $parameter).
DeleteParameterEOT ($sect, $parm)
Removes the EOT marker for the given section and parameter. When writing
a configuration file, if no EOT marker is defined then "EOT" is used.
Delete
Deletes the entire configuration file in memory.
USAGE -- Tied Hash
tie $ini, 'Config::IniFiles', (-file=>$filename, [-option=>value ...] )
Using "tie", you can tie a hash to a Config::IniFiles object. This
creates a new object which you can access through your hash, so you use
this instead of the new method. This actually creates a hash of hashes
to access the values in the INI file. The options you provide through
"tie" are the same as given for the new method, above.
Here's an example:
use Config::IniFiles;
my %ini
tie %ini, 'Config::IniFiles', ( -file => "/path/configfile.ini" );
print "We have $ini{Section}{Parameter}." if $ini{Section}{Parameter};
Accessing and using the hash works just like accessing a regular hash
and many of the object methods are made available through the hash
interface.
For those methods that do not coincide with the hash paradigm, you can
use the Perl "tied" function to get at the underlying object tied to the
hash and call methods on that object. For example, to write the hash out
to a new ini file, you would do something like this:
tied( %ini )->WriteConfig( "/newpath/newconfig.ini" ) ||
die "Could not write settings to new file.";
$val = $ini{$section}{$parameter}
Returns the value of $parameter in $section.
Because of limitations in Perl's tie implementation, multiline values
accessed through a hash will *always* be returned as a single value with
each line joined by the default line separator ($\). To break them apart
you can simple do this:
@lines = split( "$\", $ini{section}{multi_line_parameter} );
$ini{$section}{$parameter} = $value;
Sets the value of "$parameter" in "$section" to "$value".
To set a multiline or multiv-alue parameter just assign an array
reference to the hash entry, like this:
$ini{$section}{$parameter} = [$value1, $value2, ...];
If the parameter did not exist in the original file, it will be created.
However, Perl does not seem to extend autovivification to tied hashes.
That means that if you try to say
$ini{new_section}{new_paramters} = $val;
and the section 'new_section' does not exist, then Perl won't properly
create it. In order to work around this you will need to create a hash
reference in that section and then assign the parameter value. Something
like this should do nicely:
$ini{new_section} = {};
$ini{new_section}{new_paramters} = $val;
%hash = %{$ini{$section}}
Using the tie interface, you can copy whole sections of the ini file
into another hash. Note that this makes a copy of the entire section.
The new hash in no longer tied to the ini file, In particular, this
means -default and -nocase settings will not apply to "%hash".
$ini{$section} = {}; %{$ini{$section}} = %parameters;
Through the hash interface, you have the ability to replace the entire
section with a new set of parameters. This call will fail, however, if
the argument passed in NOT a hash reference. You must use both lines, as
shown above so that Perl recognizes the section as a hash reference
context before COPYing over the values from your "%parameters" hash.
delete $ini{$section}{$parameter}
When tied to a hash, you can use the Perl "delete" function to
completely remove a parameter from a section.
delete $ini{$section}
The tied interface also allows you to delete an entire section from the
ini file using the Perl "delete" function.
%ini = ();
If you really want to delete all the items in the ini file, this will do
it. Of course, the changes won't be written to the actual file unless
you call RewriteConfig on the object tied to the hash.
Parameter names
my @keys = keys %{$ini{$section}}
while (($k, $v) = each %{$ini{$section}}) {...}
if( exists %{$ini{$section}}, $parameter ) {...}
When tied to a hash, you use the Perl "keys" and "each" functions to
iteratively list the parameters ("keys") or parameters and their values
("each") in a given section.
You can also use the Perl "exists" function to see if a parameter is
defined in a given section.
Note that none of these will return parameter names that are part if the
default section (if set), although accessing an unknown parameter in the
specified section will return a value from the default section if there
is one.
Section names
foreach( keys %ini ) {...}
while (($k, $v) = each %ini) {...}
if( exists %ini, $section ) {...}
When tied to a hash, you use the Perl "keys" and "each" functions to
iteratively list the sections in the ini file.
You can also use the Perl "exists" function to see if a section is
defined in the file.
DIAGNOSTICS
@Config::IniFiles::errors
Contains a list of errors encountered while parsing the configuration
file. If the *new* method returns undef, check the value of this to find
out what's wrong. This value is reset each time a config file is read.
BUGS
* The output from [Re]WriteConfig/OutputConfig might not be as pretty
as it can be. Comments are tied to whatever was immediately below
them. And case is not preserved for Section and Parameter names if
the -nocase option was used.
* No locking is done by [Re]WriteConfig. When writing servers, take
care that only the parent ever calls this, and consider making your
own backup.
Data Structure
Note that this is only a reference for the package maintainers - one of
the upcoming revisions to this package will include a total clean up of
the data structure.
$iniconf->{cf} = "config_file_name"
->{startup_settings} = \%orginal_object_parameters
->{firstload} = 0
->{nocase} = 0
->{reloadwarn} = 0
->{sects} = \@sections
->{sCMT}{$sect} = \@comment_lines
->{group}{$group} = \@group_members
->{parms}{$sect} = \@section_parms
->{EOT}{$sect}{$parm} = "end of text string"
->{pCMT}{$sect}{$parm} = \@comment_lines
->{v}{$sect}{$parm} = $value OR \@values
AUTHOR and ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The original code was written by Scott Hutton. Then handled for a time
by Rich Bowen (thanks!), It is now managed by Jeremy Wadsack, with many
contributions from various other people.
In particular, special thanks go to (in roughly chronological order):
Bernie Cosell, Alan Young, Alex Satrapa, Mike Blazer, Wilbert van de
Pieterman, Steve Campbell, Robert Konigsberg, Scott Dellinger, R.
Bernstein, Jeremy Wadsack, Daniel Winkelmann, Pires Claudio, and Adrian
Phillips.
Geez, that's a lot of people. And apologies to the folks who were
missed.
If you want someone to bug about this, that would be:
Jeremy Wadsack <dgsupport at wadsack-allen dot com>
If you want more information, or want to participate, go to:
http://sourceforge.net/projects/config-inifiles/
Please send bug reports to config-inifiles-bugs@lists.sourceforge.net
Development discussion occurs on the mailing list
config-inifiles-dev@lists.sourceforge.net, which you can subscribe to by
going to the project web site (link above).
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
Change log
$Log: README,v $
Revision 1.11 2001/12/12 20:45:45 wadg
Updated readme
Revision 2.25 2001/12/12 20:44:48 wadg
Update to bring CVS version in synch
Revision 2.24 2001/12/07 10:03:06 wadg
222444 Abilite to load from arbitrary source
Revision 2.23 2001/12/07 09:35:06 wadg
Forgot to include updates t/test.ini
Revision 2.22 2001/12/06 16:52:39 wadg
Fixed bugs 482353,233372. Updated doc for new mgr.
Revision 2.21 2001/08/14 01:49:06 wadg
Bug fix: multiple blank lines counted as one
Patched README change log to include recent updates
Revision 2.20 2001/06/07 02:49:52 grail
- Added checks for method parameters being defined
- fixed some regexes to make them stricter
- Fixed greps to make them consistent through the code (also a vain
attempt to help my editors do syntax colouring properly)
- Added AddSection method, replaced chunk of ReadConfig with AddSection
- Added case handling stuff to more methods
- Added RemoveGroupMember
- Made variable names more consistent through OO methods
- Restored Unix EOLs
Revision 2.19 2001/04/04 23:33:40 wadg
Fixed case sensitivity bug
Revision 2.18 2001/03/30 04:41:08 rbowen
Small documentation change in IniFiles.pm - pod2* was choking on misplaces
=item tags. And I regenerated the README
The main reason for this release is that the MANIFEST in the 2.17 version was
missing one of the new test suite files, and that is included in this
re-release.
Revision 2.17 2001/03/21 21:05:12 wadg
Documentation edits
Revision 2.16 2001/03/21 19:59:09 wadg
410327 -default not in original; 233255 substring parameters
Revision 2.15 2001/01/30 11:46:48 rbowen
Very minor documentation bug fixed.
Revision 2.14 2001/01/08 18:02:32 wadg
[Bug #127325] Fixed proken import; changelog; moved
Revision 2.13 2000/12/18 07:14:41 wadg
[Bugs# 122441,122437] Alien EOLs and OO delete method
Revision 2.12 2000/12/18 04:59:37 wadg
[Bug #125524] Writing multiline of 2 with tied hash
Revision 2.11 2000/12/16 12:53:13 grail
[BUG #122455] Problem with File Permissions
Revision 2.10 2000/12/13 17:40:18 rbowen
Updated version number so that CPAN will stop being angry with us.
Revision 1.18 2000/12/08 00:45:35 grail
Change as requested by Jeremy Wadsack, for Bug 123146
Revision 1.17 2000/12/07 15:32:36 grail
Further patch to duplicate sections bug, and replacement of repeated values handling code.
Revision 1.14 2000/11/29 11:26:03 grail
Updates for task 22401 (no more reloadsig) and 22402 (Group and GroupMember doco)
Revision 1.13 2000/11/28 12:41:42 grail
Added test for being able to add sections with wierd names like section|version2
Revision 1.11 2000/11/24 21:20:11 rbowen
Resolved SourceForge bug #122445 - a parameter should be split from its value on the first = sign encountered, not on the last one. Added test suite to test this, and put test case in test.ini
Revision 1.10 2000/11/24 20:40:58 rbowen
Updated MANIFEST to have file list of new files in t/
Updated IniFiles.pm to have mention of sourceforge addresses, rather than rcbowen.com addresses
Regenerated README from IniFiles.pm
Revision 1.9 2000/11/23 05:08:08 grail
Fixed documentation for bug 122443 - Check that INI files can be created from scratch.
Revision 1.1.1.1 2000/11/10 03:04:01 rbowen
Initial checkin of the Config::IniFiles source to SourceForge
Revision 1.8 2000/10/17 01:52:55 rbowen
Patch from Jeremy. Fixed "defined" warnings.
Revision 1.7 2000/09/21 11:19:17 rbowen
Mostly documentation changes. I moved the change log into the POD rather
than having it in a separate Changes file. This allows people to see the
changes in the Readme before they download the module. Now I just
need to make sure I remember to regenerate the Readme every time I do
a commit.
1.6 September 19, 2000 by JW, AS
* Applied several patches submitted to me by Jeremy and Alex.
* Changed version number to the CVS version number, so that I won't
have to think about changing it ever again. Big version change
should not be taken as a huge leap forward.
0.12 September 13, 2000 by JW/WADG
* Added documentation to clarify autovivification issues when
creating new sections
* Fixed version number (Oops!)
0.11 September 13, 2000 by JW/WADG
* Applied patch to Group and GroupMembers functions to return empty
list when no groups are present (submitted by John Bass, Sep 13)
0.10 September 13, 2000 by JW/WADG
* Fixed reference in POD to ReWriteFile. changes to RewriteConfig
* Applied patch for failed open bug submitted by Mordechai T. Abzug Aug 18
* Doc'd behavior of failed open
* Removed planned SIG testing from test.pl as SIGs have been removed
* Applied patch from Thibault Deflers to fix bug in parameter list
when a parameter value is undef
0.09
Hey! Where's the change log for 0.09?
0.08
2000-07-30 Adrian Phillips <adrianp@powertech.no>
* test.pl: Fixed some tests which use $\, and made those that try
to check a non existant val check against ! defined.
* IniFiles.pm: hopefully fixed use of $\ when this is unset
(problems found when running tests with -w). Similar problem with
$/ which can be undefined and trying to return a val which does
not exist. Modified val docs section to indicate a undef return
when this occurs.
0.07
Looks like we missed a change log for 0.07. Bummer.
0.06 Sun Jun 25, 2000 by Daniel Winkelmann
* Patch for uninitialized value bug in newval and setval
0.05 Sun Jun 18, 2000 by RBOW
* Added something to shut up -w on VERSIONS
* Removed unused variables
0.04 Thu Jun 15 - Fri Jun 16, 2000 by JW/WADG
* Added support for -import option on ->new
* Added support for tying a hash
* Edited POD for grammer, clarity and updates
* Updated test.pl file
* Fixed bug in multiline/single line output
* Fixed bug in default handling with tie interface
* Added bugs to test.pl for regression
* Fixed bug in {group} vs. {groups} property (first is valid)
* Fixed return value for empty {sects} or {parms}{$sect} in
Sections and Parameters methods
0.03 Thu Jun 15, 2000 by RBOW
* Modifications to permit 'use strict', and to get 'make test' working
again.
0.02 Tue Jun 13, 2000 by RBOW
* Fixed bug reported by Bernie Cosell - Sections, Parameters,
and GroupMembers return undef if there are no sections,
parameters, or group members. These functions now return
() if the particular value is undefined.
* Added some contributed documentation, from Alex Satrapa, explaining
how the internal data structure works.
* Set up a project on SourceForge. (Not a change, but worth
noting).
* Added Groups method to return a list of section groups.
0.01 Mon Jun 12, 2000 by RBOW
Some general code cleanup, in preparation for changes to
come. Put up Majordomo mailing list and sent invitation to
various people to join it.